Maternal, obstetric, neonatal risk factors and neonatal mortality. Huancavelica Departmental Hospital 2013-2020

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the maternal, obstetric and neonatal factors of neonatal mortality in the Departmental Hospital of Huancavelica. The method is based on a case-control study, the sample was 360 neonates born between the years 2013-2020. As results, according to the simple logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with neonatal mortality were: Maternal Factors: single mothers (OR=2.22; p<0.05); with low hemoglobin OR=1.89; p<0.05); under 20 years of age (OR=2.30; p<0.05) and who presented pathology (OR= 2.84; p<0.01). Obstetric factors: no previous pregnancy (OR=2.97; p<0.05) and dystocic delivery (OR= 2.32; p<0.01). Neonatal factors: low birth weight (<2500 grams) (OR=7.11; p<0.01); APGAR of 4 to 6 (moderate depression), 3 or less (severe depression) after one minute (OR=18.42; p<0.01) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=6.94; p<0.01). Applying multiple logistic regression, nulliparity (OR=3.55, p<0.05) were risk factors for neonatal mortality; dystocic birth (OR=2.32, p<0.05), neonates weighing less than 2500 grams (OR=7.1, p<0.05); neonates with APGAR of 4 to 6 (moderate depression), 3 or less severe depression) (OR=18.42, p<0.05) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=16.22, p<0.05). In conclusion, the risk factors were: Obstetric factors: being nulliparous and dystocic delivery. Neonate factors: newborn weighing less than 2500 grams; APGAR with moderate to severe depression at the first minute of birth and gestational age less than 37 weeks, the maternal factor variables were not risk factors.