219
Orinoco, Venezuela. Acta Botanica
Venezuelica, 29:733–740.
Hansbauer, M.M.; Storch, I.; Leu, S.; Nieto-
Holguín, J.P.; Pimentel, R.; Knauer, F. &
Metzger, J.P. 2008. Movements of
neotropical understory passerines affected
by anthropogenic forest edges in the
brazilian atlantic rainforest. Biology
Conservation, 141:782-781.
Hilty, S.L. 2003. Birds of Venezuela. Princeton
University Press. Princeton and Oxford,
USA.
Hilty, S. & Ascanio, D. 2009. A new species of
Spinetail (Furnariidae: Synallaxis) from the
Río Orinoco of Venezuela. Auk, 126:485-
492.
Huber, O. 1995. Geographical and physical
features. In: Flora of the Venezuelan
Guayana. Vol. 1. Introduction. (Berry, P.E.;
Holst, B.K. & Yatskievych, K. (eds.),
Missouri Botanical Gardens Press, St.
Louis, USA. pp. 161.
Lasso-Alcalá, E.A.; Usma, J.S.; Rial, A.; Rosales,
J. & Señaris, J.C. 2010. Introducción.
Capítulo 1. En: Biodiversidad de la cuenca
del Orinoco: bases científicas para la
identificación de áreas prioritarias para la
conservación y uso sostenible de la
biodiversidad. Lasso, C.A.; Usma, J.S.;
Trujillo, F. & Rial, A. (eds.). Instituto de
Investigación de Recursos Biológicos
Alexander von Humboldt, WWF Colombia,
Fundación Omacha, Fundación La Salle e
Instituto de Estudios de la Orinoquia
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia),
Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. pp. 258-289.
Marín, G.; Bastidas, L.; Muñoz, J.; Oliveros, O.;
Navarro, R. & Marcano B. 2007. Perfil
ecológico de la avifauna de los Llanos
Orientales de Venezuela en función de los
impactos antrópicos. Interciencia,
32:391–398.
Marín, G., Carvajal, Y. & Quilarque, E. 2011.
Composición estacional de la avifauna en
fr a g m e n t o s de bo s q u e d e galería
basimontano de la cuenca media del río
Manzanares, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. The
Biologist (Lima), 9: 193-212.
Marín, G. & Marín, B. 2011. Figuras innovadoras
para la conservación de la diversidad: Marco
te ó r i co - co n c ep t ua l . I n t er c ie n c ia ,
36:471476.
Martin, T.E. & Karr, J.R. 1986. Temporal dynamics
of Neotropical birds with special reference
to frugivores in second-growth woods.
Wilson Bulletin, 98:38–60.
Miller J., Wiens, J., Thompson, N. & Theobald, D.
2003. Effects of human settlement on bird
communities in lowland riparian areas of
Colorado (USA). Ecology Applied,
13:1041-1059.
Moermond, T.C. 1990. A functional approach of
foraging: morphology, behavior, and the
capacity to exploit. Studies in Avian
Biology, 13:427-430.
Moreno, C.E. 2001. Métodos para medir la
diversidad Vol.1. M&T-Manuales y Tesis
SEA. Zaragoza, España.
Nekola, J. & White, P. 1999. The distance decay of
similarity in biogeography and ecology.
Journal of Biogeography, 26:867-878.
Opler, P.A.; Frankie, G.E. & Baker, H.G. 1990.
Comparative phenological studies of treelet
and shrub species in tropical wet and dry
forests in the lowlands in Costa Rica. Journal
of Ecology, 68:167-188.
Pearman, P.B. 2002. The scale of community
structure: habitat variation and avian guilds
in tropical forest understory. Ecological
Monographs, 72:19-39.
Poiani, K.A.; Richter, B.D.; Anderson, M.G. &
Ric h t e r, H. E . 2 0 0 0 . B i o d i v ersity
conservation at multiple scales: Functional
sites, landscapes and networks. BioScience,
50:133-145.
Poulin, B.; Lefebvre, G. & McNeil, R. 1993.
Variation in bird abundance in tropical arid
and semi-arid habitats. Ibis, 135:432-441.
Pyke, G.H.; Pullian, R. & Charnov, E.L. 1977.
Optimal foraging. A selective review of
theory and tests. Quarterly Review of
Biology, 52:137-154.
Remsen, J.V. & Parker III, T.A. 1983. Contribution
of river-created habitats to bird species
richness in Amazonia. Biotropica, 15:223-
231.
Restrepo, C. & Gómez, N. 1998. Response of
understory birds to anthropogenic edges in a
Neotropical montane forest. Ecological
Applications, 8:170-183.
Reynaud, P.A. 1998. Changes in understory
avifauna along the Sinnamary River (French
Guiana, South America). Ornitología
Neotropical, 9:51-70.
Avifauna of Mamo island, Orinoco river
The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 16, Nº2, jul - dic 2018