e Biologist Vol. 23, N 2, jul - dec 2025

Level of satisfaction in paleontology ﬁeld trips

ISSN Versión Impresa 1816-0719

ISSN Versión en línea 1994-9073

ISSN Versión CD ROM 1994-9081

e Biologist (Lima), 2025, vol. 23 (2), 379-386

VOL. 23.

VOL. 22.

2, JUL-DIC 2025

1, ENE-JUN 2024

e Biologist (Lima)

COMMENTARY / COMENTARIO

BUILDING ACADEMIC BRIDGES: INTEGRATION OF COUNTRIES FOR

THE TEACHING OF PARASITIC ZOONOSES A ONE HEALTH FRAMEWORK

CONSTRUYENDO PUENTES ACADÉMICOS: INTEGRACIÓN DE PAÍSES PARA

LA ENSEÑANZA DE ZOONOSIS PARASITARIAS EN CLAVE ONE HEALTH

Zully María Hernández-Ruso¹, María Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago^2,3,4,5,6*, José Iannacone^5,6,

Julio Cesar Giraldo Forero^7,8& Reinaldo José Da Silva⁹

CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay. zhernan@unorte.edu.uy

Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Estación “El Carmen”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad del

Carmen, Campeche, México. marodriguezsa@secihti.mx

Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación, Ciudad de México, México.

NucleoAcadémico Básico, Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Facultad

de Ciencias Naturales, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México.

Grupo de Investigación “One Health”, Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo

Palma, Lima, Perú. joseiannacone@gmail.com

Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad

Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú.

Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud-INSAFUSM-Semillero de Investigación en Ciencias-SIENCI. Facultad de

Ciencias de la Salud. Programa de Medicina-Sede Bogotá, Colombia.

Grupo de investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Colectiva-GIESC. Semillero de investigación en enfermedades Infecciosas-

SIEI. Fundación Universitaria San Martín. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

Bogotá, Colombia.

Division of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689,

Brazil. reinaldo.silva@unesp.br

* Corresponding author: marodriguezsa@secihti.mx

Zully María Hernández-Ruso: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-6330

María Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-237X

José Iannacone: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-4732

Julio Cesar Giraldo-Forero: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-8443

Reinaldo José Da Silva: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-6873

ABSTRACT

e workshop “Parasitic Zoonoses in the Context and Approach of One Health” was held within the framework of the

International Congress of Neotropical Parasitology in 2024, an event that brought together multiple specialized symposia

dedicated to the region’s health challenges. e purpose of the workshop was to strengthen the comprehensive understanding

of parasitic zoonoses from the “One Health” paradigm, which recognizes the interdependence among human, animal,

Este artículo es publicado por la revista e Biologist (Lima) de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal,

Lima, Perú. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY

4.0) [https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es] que permite el uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra

original sea debidamente citada de su fuente original.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.62430/rtb20252322073

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and environmental health as a single, dynamic, and deeply interconnected system. is article aims to disseminate an

integrative disciplinary experience developed by the academic community under the One Health approach to parasitic

zoonoses. e participation of specialists from Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Uruguay, and Brazil enriched the regional

perspective and enabled the discussion of parasitological issues from diverse socio-ecological contexts of the Neotropics.

e program was structured around ﬁve thematic axes: (1) conceptual foundations of the One Health approach; (2)

parasitic zoonoses transmitted by companion animals and their relevance in urban environments; (3) parasitic zoonotic

diseases of livestock importance; (4) parasitic ichthyozoonoses; and (5) parasites in aquaculture, where the main health

challenges in production units were analyzed, along with transmission risks between farmed and wild environments, and

the need to implement preventive strategies under the One Health framework to strengthen aquaculture sustainability.

is last axis was reinforced through a specialized workshop led by Brazilian experts, providing updated knowledge on

applied parasitology in Neotropical aquaculture systems. e development of the workshop was integrated with academic

spaces of the congress, such as the II One Health Symposium, the V Neotropical Ichthyoparasitology Symposium, the II

Leishmaniasis Symposium, the II Neotropical Chagas Disease Symposium, and the I Neotropical Plant Health Symposium,

which allowed for deep interdisciplinary exchange by integrating perspectives from human, veterinary, environmental,

agricultural, ﬁsheries, and aquaculture parasitology. e outcomes of this academic experience highlight the urgency

of strengthening local and regional capacities, promoting international collaboration, and consolidating coordinated

strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of parasitic zoonoses, particularly those associated with expanding

productive systems such as aquaculture. Overall, the workshop reaﬃrms the value of the One Health approach as an

essential tool for addressing emerging and persistent challenges that impact human, animal, and environmental health

in the Neotropical region.

Keywords: aquaculture – ichthyozoonoses – Neotropical region – One Health – parasitic zoonoses

RESUMEN

El taller “Zoonosis parasitarias en el contexto y enfoque de One Health-Una Salud” se desarrolló en el marco del Congreso

Internacional de Parasitología Neotropical en el 2024, un evento que reunió múltiples simposios especializados dedicados a

los desafíos sanitarios de la región. El propósito del taller fue fortalecer la comprensión integral de las zoonosis parasitarias

desde el paradigma “One Health”, el cual reconoce la interdependencia entre la salud humana, animal y ambiental como

un sistema único, dinámico y profundamente interconectado. Este artículo pretende difundir una experiencia integradora

disciplinar de la comunidad académica bajo el enfoque One Health de las zoonosis parasitarias. La participación de

especialistas de Perú, México, Colombia, Uruguay y Brasil enriqueció la perspectiva regional y permitió abordar las

problemáticas parasitológicas desde diversos contextos socioecológicos del Neotrópico. El programa se estructuró en cinco

ejes temáticos: (1) fundamentos conceptuales del enfoque One Health; (2) zoonosis parasitarias transmitidas por animales

de compañía y su relevancia en entornos urbanos; (3) enfermedades zoonóticas parasitarias de importancia pecuaria; (4)

ictiozoonosis parasitarias y (5) parásitos en la acuicultura, donde se analizaron los principales desafíos sanitarios en unidades

de producción, los riesgos de transmisión entre ambientes cultivados y silvestres, y la necesidad de implementar estrategias

preventivas bajo el enfoque Una Salud para fortalecer la sostenibilidad acuícola. Este último eje se reforzó mediante un

taller especializado impartido por expertos brasileños, aportando conocimientos actualizados sobre parasitología aplicada a

sistemas acuícolas neotropicales. El desarrollo del taller se articuló con espacios académicos del congreso como el II Simposio

One Health-Una Salud, el V Simposio de Ictioparasitología Neotropical, el II Simposio de Leishmaniasis, el II Simposio

Neotropical de la Enfermedad de Chagas y el I Simposio de Fitosanidad Neotropical lo que permitió un intercambio

interdisciplinario profundo, integrando perspectivas de la parasitología humana, veterinaria, ambiental, agropecuaria,

pesquera y acuícola. Los resultados de esta experiencia académica subrayan la urgencia de fortalecer capacidades locales y

regionales, impulsar la cooperación internacional y consolidar estrategias coordinadas de vigilancia, prevención y control de

las zoonosis parasitarias, particularmente aquellas vinculadas a sistemas productivos en expansión como la acuicultura. En

conjunto, el taller reaﬁrma el valor del enfoque Una Salud como herramienta esencial para enfrentar los retos emergentes

y persistentes que afectan la salud humana, animal y ambiental en la región neotropical.

Palabras clave: acuicultura – ictiozoonosis – One Health – región neotropical – zoonosis parasitarias

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Teaching of parasitic zoonoses in a One Health framework

INTRODUCTION

Nominal list of course workshop speakers

e One Health approach is considered a strategy for

addressing various health related situations within the

context of the interface and interactions among humans,

animals, and the environment (Agrawal et al., 2024;

Behravesh et al., 2024). is approach is grounded in

the concept that the health of the three components

humans, animals, and ecosystems is interconnected and

interdependent (One Health High-Level Expert Panel,

2023). In this sense, eﬀectively addressing these complex

challenges requires holistic, integrated, and collaborative

actions involving multiple disciplines at diﬀerent levels

(Manterola et al., 2024).

e course workshop brought together specialists from

several countries with extensive experience in parasitology

and the One Health approach. José Iannacone Oliver from

Peru is a specialist in general parasitology, ecotoxicology,

and the One Health framework. María Amparo Rodríguez

Santiago from Mexico specializes in ﬁsh parasitology,

environmental parasitology, and public health. Zully

María Hernández Russo from Uruguay is a professor

of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, with a focus on

animal production and parasitic zoonoses. Julio César

Giraldo Forero from Colombia is an expert in clinical

parasitology and public health, addressing topics according

to the workshop program. Reinaldo José da Silva from

Brazil specializes in ﬁsh parasites and aquaculture, with

emphasis on tilapia production systems.

is approach is particularly applicable and essential

for addressing parasitic zoonoses, as it considers the

circulation of parasites between human and animal hosts

and the inﬂuence of environmental factors on transmission

dynamics. Consequently, it encompasses key aspects of

global health, including the prevention, promotion,

diagnosis, and treatment of zoonotic parasitic agents, with

actions directed at the community level or from a broader,

global perspective (Mettenleiter et al., 2023).

Course workshop program: Parasitic zoonoses in the

context and approach of One Health

e course workshop program was structured around ﬁve

thematic axes. ese included the conceptual foundations

of the One Health approach, parasitic zoonoses transmitted

by companion animals and their relevance in urban

environments, parasitic zoonotic diseases of importance

in livestock production, parasitic ichthyozoonoses, and

parasites in aquaculture. Within the aquaculture axis,

the main sanitary challenges in production units were

analyzed, including transmission risks between cultured and

wild environments and the need to implement preventive

strategies under the One Health approach to strengthen

aquaculture sustainability. is axis was reinforced through

a specialized workshop delivered by Brazilian experts,

providing updated knowledge on parasitology applied to

Neotropical aquaculture systems.

Within the framework of the One Health philosophy, the

XII International Congress of Neotropical Parasitology,

organized by the Peruvian Association of Helminthology

and Related Invertebrates (APHIA) and the San Martín

University Foundation, Faculty of Health Sciences, held in

Bogotá, Colombia, from October 28 to November 1, 2024,

adopted the theme “One Health: Challenges of Parasitology

in the 21st Century under the One Health Approach”. In

this context, a course workshop entitled Parasitic Zoonoses in

the Context and Approach of One Health was proposed and

conducted. Its purpose was to strengthen a comprehensive

understanding of parasitic zoonoses from the One Health

paradigm, which recognizes the interdependence of human,

animal, and environmental health as a single, dynamic,

and deeply interconnected system. Accordingly, this article

aims to disseminate an integrative and multidisciplinary

academic experience focused on parasitic zoonoses under

the One Health approach.

e development of the workshop was articulated

with academic spaces of the congress, such as the

Second One Health Symposium, the Fifth Neotropical

Ichthyoparasitology Symposium, the Second Neotropical

Symposium on Leishmaniasis, the Second Neotropical

Symposium on Chagas Disease, and the First Neotropical

Symposium on Phytosanitary Health. is integration

enabled a deep interdisciplinary exchange, incorporating

perspectives from human, veterinary, environmental,

agricultural, ﬁsheries, and aquaculture parasitology.

e participating countries in the initiative were Brazil,

Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. In line with

the characteristics of the One Health paradigm, the

implementation of this activity required collaboration,

communication, and coordination among the professionals

who planned and carried out the course workshop.

ematic axes and conceptual foundations of the One

Health approach

e One Health approach represents a fundamental

concept that emphasizes the intrinsic interdependence

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among human health, animal health, and environmental or

ecosystem health. It is deﬁned as an integrated and unifying

framework aimed at achieving sustainable balance and

optimizing the health of people, animals, and ecosystems.

e central premise of One Health recognizes that human

well being is closely linked to the health of other species

and to the shared environment of planet Earth.

Parasitic zoonoses transmitted by companion animals

and their relevance in urban environments

Parasitic zoonoses associated with transmission from

companion animals are based on the premise that the

relationship between humans and animals is as ancient

as humanity itself. At present, pet ownership within

households is widespread and is associated with factors such

as emotional attachment, companionship, and security.

Among the most common companion animals are dogs

(Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) and cats (Felis catus

Linnaeus, 1758), which maintain a close relationship with

humans and other domestic animals.

Conceptually, One Health advocates a collaborative,

multisectoral, and interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary

strategy to achieve optimal health outcomes. Its core

foundations include interaction, harmonization, teamwork,

and capacity building among the human, animal, and

environmental health sectors, together with other relevant

stakeholders.

Companion animals are exposed to numerous

microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and

parasites. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are the

most frequent and are generally associated with zoonotic

protozoa responsible for diseases such as giardiasis caused by

Giardia spp. and coccidiosis, with relevant genera including

Cystoisospora spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma

gondii (Nicolle y Manceaux, 1908). Helminth infections are

mainly related to nematodes such as Ancylostoma caninum

(Ercolani, 1859) Hall, 1913, Ancylostoma brasiliensis

Gomes de Faria, 1910, Strongyloides stercoralis (Bavay,

1876) Stiles & Hassall, 1902, and Toxocara canis (Werner,

1782) Stiles, 1905, as well as cestode infections caused by

Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758). ese parasitoses are

generally diagnosed through direct examinations based on

microscopic observation of cysts, oocysts, eggs, or larvae in

fecal samples, using concentration techniques or, in some

cases, macroscopic visualization of adult helminth stages.

Historically, the concept evolved from the idea of One

Medicine, introduced in 1964 by Dr. C. Schwabe, who

is recognized as its initial visionary. While One Medicine

focused on integrating human and veterinary medicine to

address zoonoses, the critical innovation of One Health

was the incorporation of ecosystem health, including

wildlife. Today, One Health is considered a broader and

more comprehensive concept, capable of encompassing

comparative and translational medicine, public health,

and ecology.

Health under this framework is analyzed at three distinct

levels: individual health in humans and animals, population

health including public health and herd health, and

ecosystem health. e approach is also supported by

fundamental principles of collaboration, including equity,

parity, responsible stewardship, and socioecological balance.

e growth of companion animal populations in urban

areas, together with inadequate practices for fecal waste

disposal in public spaces, reports of antiparasitic resistance,

and the capacity of parasites to adapt to diﬀerent ecosystems

and climatic factors, favors human infection.

One Health is essential for addressing complex global health

challenges that arise at the human animal environment

interface, including emerging and re emerging zoonoses,

antimicrobial resistance, neglected tropical diseases,

sustainable food security, and the impact of climate

change on disease transmission. It is also applicable to

non communicable and chronic diseases linked to exposure

to multiple stressors, including toxic stress and modern

lifestyles.

Currently, gastrointestinal parasitic zoonoses in companion

animals are frequently neglected or underdiagnosed,

limiting recognition of their importance in public health

and their role as emerging epidemiological concerns.

Additionally, parasitic infections in companion animals are

not subject to mandatory notiﬁcation, resulting in limited

information regarding the dynamics of pet populations

carrying parasitic infections. is situation constitutes

one of the main public health challenges within the One

Health framework.

For this approach to be operational and sustainable, it is

crucial to overcome interdisciplinary barriers separating

human and veterinary medicine from ecological,

evolutionary, and environmental sciences. Integrating One

Health principles into public health policy is indispensable

for building a resilient health system capable of responding

to the complex interactions that shape well being in an

interconnected world.

Parasitic zoonoses related to animal production

is section addresses the main parasitic zoonotic diseases

that also have a signiﬁcant impact on animal production,

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Teaching of parasitic zoonoses in a One Health framework

particularly in species of major importance in Uruguay

such as cattle, sheep, and pigs. Epidemiological aspects,

production losses in their respective hosts, the role of the

environment as a source of infection, and the implications

for human health were discussed for toxoplasmosis,

fasciolosis, and cystic echinococcosis. ese diseases occur

in diﬀerent regions with varying relevance depending on

geographic and environmental conditions, production

systems, management practices, and cultural factors. In

this context, the human, animal, and environmental triad

was examined for each parasitic zoonosis, highlighting their

interactions and interdependence. is analysis underscores

that epidemiological surveillance, health promotion,

prevention, and control measures must be implemented

from a global perspective to achieve an eﬀective and

sustainable long-term approach.

cestodes, acanthocephalans, leeches, nematodes, copepods,

argulids, and isopods. e occurrence of parasites from

these groups in tilapia reared in aquaculture systems

is highlighted, together with aspects related to their

morphology, life cycles, pathogenicity, control, and

treatment.

e discussion further addresses how the translocation and

introduction of ﬁsh into non native regions may facilitate

the co introduction of invasive parasites, leading to negative

eﬀects on native biota. In this context, cases involving

the introduction of Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758,

commonly known as the anchor worm, and Schyzocotyle

acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934), a cestode belonging to the

order Bothriocephalidea associated with commercial carp

farming, are presented, as well as monopisthocotylean and

trichodinid species reported in tilapia ﬁsh farms. ese

parasites aﬀect the health of both native and cultured ﬁsh

in Brazil. Finally, the presence of zoonotic species associated

with the consumption of farmed tilapia [Oreochromis

niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)] is addressed, including bacteria,

fungi, protozoans, trematodes, and nematodes.

Parasitic ichthyozoonoses

is section presents an integrated overview of the

main parasitic ichthyozoonoses and their relevance to

public health from a One Health perspective, which

recognizes the close interdependence between human,

animal, and environmental health. e most important

groups of zoonotic helminths are described, including

trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes, emphasizing

that although approximately ﬁfty species are capable of

infecting humans, only about ten represent a signiﬁcant

sanitary risk. Ecological, environmental, and sociocultural

conditions that favor transmission are analyzed, particularly

the consumption of raw or undercooked ﬁsh, as well as

the role of aquatic ecosystems in maintaining parasitic

life cycles. Species of global relevance such as Clonorchis

sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) Looss, 1907, Heterophyes spp.,

Diphyllobothrium spp., Anisakis spp., and Gnathostoma spp.

are examined, highlighting their geographic distribution,

clinical manifestations, and the main strategies for

diagnosis, control, and prevention. Finally, the inﬂuence of

environmental change, ﬁshing practices, and globalization

on the emergence and re emergence of these diseases

is emphasized, underscoring the need for integrated

surveillance, consumer education, and coordinated

preventive actions within the One Health framework.

Figure 1 illustrates the ﬁve thematic axes of the course

workshop, while Figure 2 shows the team of participating

instructors and the group of attending students from the

San Martín University Foundation, Medicine Program.

Relevance of the One Health approach in the surveillance

and control of parasitic zoonoses

e surveillance and control of parasitic zoonoses require

an integrated approach that goes beyond the traditional

boundaries of human or veterinary health and recognizes

the dynamic interdependence among people, animals, and

ecosystems, a principle reinforced by recent conceptual

advances in the One Health framework (Destoumieux-

Garzón et al., 2018; Brown, 2024). In this context, the

One Health paradigm constitutes an essential operational

framework for the early detection of emerging risks, the

understanding of parasitic life cycles involving multiple

hosts, and the assessment of environmental factors that

inﬂuence transmission, such as climate change, ecosystem

degradation, and production intensiﬁcation (Desvars-

Larrivé et al., 2024; Deiana, 2024).

Parasites of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in

aquaculture in Brazil

Interdisciplinary collaboration integrating parasitology,

veterinary medicine, public health, ecology, and

environmental sciences has been shown to enhance

epidemiological analysis and outbreak response capacity,

enabling the development of more eﬀective and adaptive

preventive strategies in the face of changing scenarios

(Morchón et al., 2025). Furthermore, the One Health

is section analyzes the main parasites aﬀecting ﬁsh,

the introduction of parasitic species through aquaculture

systems, their spread to native species, and the presence of

zoonotic species in cultured ﬁsh. Fish can be parasitized

by a wide diversity of metazoans, including myxozoans,

trematodes, monopisthocotyleans, polyopisthocotyleans,

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Hernández-Ruso et al.

Figure 1. Participation of international speakers during the workshop Parasitic Zoonoses in the Context and Approach of

One Health One Health, held within the framework of the XII International Congress of Neotropical Parasitology. Images

show moments from the presentations corresponding to the ﬁve thematic axes: foundations of the One Health approach,

zoonoses transmitted by companion animals, parasitic zoonotic diseases of importance in livestock production, parasitic

ichthyozoonoses, and parasites in aquaculture. e workshop included the participation of specialists from Peru, Mexico,

Colombia, Uruguay, and Brazil.

Figure 2. Final photograph of the workshop Parasitic Zoonoses in the Context and Approach of One Health One Health,

conducted during the XII International Congress of Neotropical Parasitology. e image shows the team of participating

instructors and the group of attending students from the San Martín University Foundation, Medicine Program, who

successfully completed the training activities focused on the One Health approach to parasitic zoonoses.

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Teaching of parasitic zoonoses in a One Health framework

approach emphasizes community participation, health

education, and multilevel coordination among institutions,

which are key elements for reducing human exposure to

zoonotic agents, optimizing animal management practices,

and strengthening food safety (Lerner & Berg, 2015;

Bongono et al., 2025). Overall, this integrated perspective

contributes to the construction of more resilient surveillance

systems capable of anticipating and responding eﬃciently

to emerging parasitic challenges associated with global

change and human mobility.

Formal Analysis: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

Funding acquisition: ZMHR, MARS

Investigation: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

Methodology: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

Project administration: ZMHR, MARS

Resources: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

Software: ZMHR, MARS

Supervision: ZMHR, MARS

Validation: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

Visualization: ZMHR, MARS

CONCLUSIONS

Writing – original draft: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF, RJS

e workshop represented a high value training experience

for strengthening regional capacity building and cooperation

in the study, surveillance, and control of parasitic zoonoses

in Latin America. e participation of specialists from

Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Uruguay, and Brazil enriched

the academic exchange by integrating epidemiological,

environmental, and production related perspectives speciﬁc

to each country, allowing the identiﬁcation of common

features and shared challenges within the Neotropical

region. is convergence of knowledge highlights the

need to promote regional cooperation strategies that

articulate academic institutions, public health sectors,

animal production systems, and local communities under

the One Health paradigm.

Writing – review & editing: ZMHR, MARS, JI, JCGF,

RJS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

anks are extended to the Peruvian Association of

Helminthology and Related Invertebrates (APHIA) for

organizing the XII International Congress of Neotropical

Parasitology (COPANEO 2024) and for its continued

contribution to strengthening Neotropical parasitology.

Recognition is also given to the San Martín University

Foundation, Faculty of Health Sciences – Medicine

Program (Bogotá campus), and the INFUSALUD Research

Group for the facilities provided and the logistical support

that enabled the successful development of the congress.

Special thanks are extended to the academic authorities

of the host institution, Rector José Fernando Restrepo

Escobar and Dean Clara Judith Benavides Villamarín, as

well as to J.C.G.F., President of COPANEO 2024, for

the invitation and academic coordination of the event.

Institutional support from the Institute of Marine Sciences

and Limnology of the National Autonomous University of

Mexico (ICMyL–UNAM), particularly the “El Carmen”

Station, for facilitating participation in and dissemination

of the academic activities, is also gratefully acknowledged.

Finally, thanks are extended to all participants and attendees

of the workshop from diﬀerent Neotropical countries,

whose active involvement enriched the exchange of

knowledge and reaﬃrmed the value of the One Health

approach as an integrative framework for addressing current

and emerging challenges in parasitology across the region.

Moreover, the experience conﬁrms that interdisciplinary

training, collaborative work, and the creation of exchange

networks are essential pillars for eﬀectively addressing

emerging and persistent parasitic risks. Taken together, the

workshop contributed to consolidating a more integrated

and resilient regional vision, capable of confronting health

challenges derived from global change, human mobility,

and environmental transformations in Latin America.

Author contributions: CRediT (Contributor Roles

Taxonomy):

ZMHR = Zully María Hernández-Ruso

MARS = María Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago

JI = José Iannacone

JCGF = Julio Cesar Giraldo-Forero

RJS = Reinaldo José Da Silva

Conceptualization: ZMHR, MARS

Data curation: ZMHR, MARS

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Received December 19, 2025.

Accepted December 20, 2025.

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