183
RESEARCH NOTE / NOTA CIENTÍFICA
THE FIRST RECORD OF MITES OF THE GENUS NEHARPYRHYNCHUS
(ACARIFORMES: HARPIRHYNCHIDAE) FROM BIRDS IN PARAGUAY
PRIMEROS REGISTROS DE ACAROS DEL GENERO NEHARPYRHYNCHUS
(ACARIFORMES: HARPIRHYNCHIDAE) EN AVES DEL PARAGUAY
Suggested citation: Literák, I, Bochkov, AV & Franco, S. 2014. The first records of mites of the genus
Neharpyrhynchus (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) from birds in Paraguay. Neotropical Helminthology,
vol. 8, n°1, jan-jun, pp. 183 - 188.
1Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr.
1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic, E-mail: literaki@vfu.cz
2Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia, E-mail: prostigmata@zin.ru
1* 2 1
Ivan Literák , Andre V. Bochkov & Sebastian Franco
Abstract
Three mite species of the genus Neharpyrhynchus (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) were
recorded on wild birds represented by new hosts in Paraguay: Neharpyrhynchus trochilinus ex
Chlorostilbon lucidus (=aureoventris) (Apodiformes: Trochilidae), Neharpyrhynchus tangara ex
Paroaria capitata and P. coronata (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), and Neharpyrhynchus aff. spinus
ex Setophaga (=Parula) pitiayumi (Passeriformes: Parulidae). Records from C. aureoventris, P.
capitata, P. coronata and P. pitiayumi represent new host-parasite associations. Mites of this
genus were recorded in Paraguay for the first time.
Keywords: Birds - Chlorostilbon - ectoparasites - mites - Neharpyrhynchus - Parula - Paroaria - Setophaga.
Resumen
Dos especies de ácaros del género Neharpyrhynchus (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) fueron
registrados en aves silvestres del Paraguay: Neharpyrhynchus trochilinus ex Chlorostilbon
lucidus (=aureoventris) (Apodiformes: Trochilidae), Neharpyrhynchus tangara ex Paroaria
capitata y P. coronata (Passeriformers: Thraupidae) y Neharpyrhynchus aff. spinus ex Setophaga
=Parula) pitiayumi (Passeriformes: Parulidae). Los registros en C. aureoventris, P. capitata, P.
coronata y P. pitiayumi representan nuevas asociaciones huesped - parásito. Los ácaros de este
género fueron reportados por primera vez para el Paraguay.
Palabras clave: Acaros – aves – Chlorostilbon – ectoparasitos – Neharpyrhynchus – Parula – Paroaria – Setophaga.
Neotrop. Helminthol., 8(1), 2014
2014 Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Afines (APHIA)
ISSN: 2218-6425 impreso / ISSN: 1995-1043 on line
Literák et al.
Mites of the genus Neharpyrhynchus
Mites of the family Harpirhynchidae
(Acariformes: Cheyletoidea) are permanent
mono- or oligoxenous parasites of birds and
snakes of the superfamily Colubroidea (mites of
the subfamily Ophioptinae). The harpirhynchid
genus Neharpyrhynchus Fain (Acariformes:
Harpirhynchidae) includes 14 species (Skoracki
et al., 2012; Bochkov and O Connor, 2013).
Among them four species are known from
Neotropical passerines (Bochkov et al., 2007;
Bochkov & Literak, 2011; Literak et al., 2012).
Until now there were no data on their occurrence
on birds in Paraguay. In this contribution we
provide new host and locality records for three
Neharpyrhynchus spp. collected on wild birds in
Paraguay.
Ornithological mist nets were used to trap wild
birds in Paraguay during the 2012 South
American winter. Birds trapped were subjected
to naked eye examination for the presence of
harpirhynchid mites which are usually localized
at the base of feathers on head (Martinu et al.,
2008; Bochkov & Literak, 2011). Mites were
removed using a tweezer and preserved in 96 %
ethyl alcohol. After examination, all the birds
were released back into the wild as quickly as
possible to minimize disturbance. In total, 480
birds belonging to 106 species were examined
(Table 1). Three study locations were as follow:
San Rafael National Park, Kanguery Biological
Station, 26°30´S, 55°47´W, 183 masl, a location
in the region of the Paraguayan Atlantic Forest
(from 17 to 24 August); Teniente Agripino
Enciso National Park, Headquarters Area,
21°12´S, 61°39´W, 253 masl, in the Paraguayan
Chaco, a semi-arid region with a very low
human population density (from 30 August to 4
September); and Los Tres Gigantes Biological
Station, 20°04´S, 50°09´W, 82 masl, in the
Paraguayan Pantanal (from 6 to 10 September).
Each individual bird was identified using
Narosky and Yzurieta (2006) and Gwynne et al.
(2010). The field study was permitted with
SEAM (Secretaria del Ambiente) Paraguay (No.
118859, No. 121842, No. 121856). Mites were
mounted in Hoyer's medium and studied using a
Leica microscope under Nomarsky
interference-contrast-phase (DIC) optics. The
scientific names of birds follow the checklist of
Clements et al. (2013). Voucher specimens were
deposited in collections in the Zoological
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Saint Petersburg, Russia (ZISP).
Neharpyrhynchus trochilinus (Fain, 1972)
Material examined. 10 females (ZISP AVB
2013-1219-001, 1-10) from Chlorostilbon
lucidus (=aureoventris) (Shaw, 1812)
(Apodiformes: Trochilidae) [new host, new
location], PARAGUAY: Teniente Agripino
Enciso National Park, Headquarters Area
(21°12´S, 61°39´W), 1 September 2012, coll. I.
Literak (field number PG272).
Prevalence. N. trochilinus was recorded on one
of the two specimens of C. lucidus examined.
This species was described from an
undetermined hummingbird originated from
South America and died in the Antwerp Zoo,
Belgium (Fain, 1972). Later, N. trochilinus was
recorded on other South American hummingbird
Chrysolampis mosquitus (Linnaeus, 1758)
which also died in the Antwerp Zoo (Fain, 1995).
Recently N. trochilinus has been reported on
Amazilia lactea (Lesson, 1929) from Brazil,
Panterpe insignis Cabanis and Heine, 1860 and
Eugenes fulgens (Swainson, 1827), both from
Costa Rica, and A. lactea and A. chionogaster
(Tschudi, 1846) from Peru (Bochkov & Literak,
2011; Literak et al., 2012).
Neharpyrhynchus tangara Bochkov and
Literak, 2011
Material examined. Seven females (ZISP AVB
2013-1219-002, 1-7) from three individuals of
Paroaria capitata (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye,
INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
184
185
Neotrop. Helminthol., 8(1), 2014
Table 1. A list of birds captured and examined in San Rafael National Park (SR), Teniente Agripino Enciso National
Park (AE), and Los Tres Gigantes Biological Station (TG), Paraguay in 2012.
Family/Species No. of birds examined or No. of
birds parasitized/examined
SR AE TG Total
Tinamidae
Crypturellus tataupa (Temmnick, 1815) 22
Columbidae
Claravis pretiosa (Ferrari-Pérez, 1886)
1
1
Columbina picui (Temmnick, 1813) 1 4 5
Columbina talpacoti (Temmnick, 1810)
9
9
Leptotila rufaxilla (Richard et Bernard, 1792)
2
2
Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte, 1855
1
1
2
Patagioenas cayennensis (Bonaparte, 1792)
1
1
Trochilidae
Chlorostilbon lucidus (=aureoventris)
(Shaw, 1812)
1/2
1/2
Hylocharis chrysura (Shaw, 1818)
4
2
1
7
Phaethornis eurynome (Lesson, 1832)
3
3
Stephanoxis lalandi (Vieillot, 1818)
1
1
Trogonidae
Trogon curucui Linnaeus, 1766
2
2
Trogon rufus J.F. Gmelin, 1788
2
2
Bucconidae
Nystalus maculates (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)
1
1
Ramphastidae
Pteroglossus bailloni (Vieillot, 1819)
2
2
Selenidera maculirostris (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823)
2
2
Picidae
Veniliornis mixtus (Boddaert, 1783)
1
1
Picumnus temminckii Lafresnaye, 1845
1
1
Veniliornis passerinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
1
1
Psittacidae
Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783)
2
2
Pyrrhura frontalis (Vieillot, 1818)
2
2
Thamnophilidae
Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823)
7
7
Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818)
1
1
Taraba major (Vieillot, 1816)
3
1
4
Thamnophilus caerulescens Vieillot, 1816
2
2
Thamnophilus doliatus (Linnaeus, 1764)
2
2
Conopophagidae
Conopophaga lineata (Wied-Neuwied, 1831)
5
5
Furnariidae
Asthenes baeri (Berlepsch, 1906)
2
2
Automolus leucophthalmus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
10
10
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris (Des Murs, 1849)
2
2
Coryphistera alaudina Burmeister, 1860
1
1
Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Vieillot, 1818)
6
6
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Spix, 1824
3
3
Furnarius cristatus Burmeister, 1888
1
1
Furnarius leucopus Swainson, 1838
2
2
Furnarius rufus (J.G. Gmelin, 1788) 1 2 3
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris (Vieillot, 1818) 1 4 5
Philydor atricapillus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) 2 2
Anabacerthia lichtensteini Cabanis et Heine, 1859 2 2
Philydor rufum (Vieillot, 1818) 2 2
Table 1 continuous
186
Literák et al.
Mites of the genus Neharpyrhynchus
Pseudoseisura lophotes (Reichenbach, 1853)
1
1
Schoeniophylax phryganophilus
(Vieillot, 1817)
1
1
Sclerurus scansor
(Ménétriés, 1835)
1
1
Sittasomus griseicapillus (Vieillot, 1818)
6
6
Synallaxis albilora Pelzeln, 1856
2
2
Synallaxis cinerascens Temminck, 1823
4
4
Synallaxis spixi P.L. Sclater, 1856
1
1
Syndactyla rufosupercilita (Lafresnaye, 1832)
1
1
Xenops minutus (Sparrman, 1788)
4
4
Xenops rutilans Temminck, 1821
1
1
Xiphorhynchus fuscus (Vieillot, 1818)
4
4
Tyrannidae
Casiornis rufus (Vieillot, 1816)
1
1
2
Cnemotriccus fuscatus (Wied-Neuwied, 1831)
3
3
Corythopis delalandi (Lesson, 1830)
10
10
Elaenia flavogaster (Thunberg, 1822)
3
3
Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837)
6
6
Hemitriccus obsoletus (Ribeiro, 1906)
2
2
Leptopogon amaurocephalus Tschudi, 1846
10
10
Megarynchus pitangua (Linnaeus, 1766)
1
1
Myiarchus ferox (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)
3
3
Myiarchus tyrannulus (Statius Müller, 1776)
2
2
Myiophobus fasciatus (Statius Müller, 1776)
2
2
Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766)
2
2
Platyrinchus leucoryphus Wied-Neuwied, 1831
4
4
Platyrinchus mystaceus Vieillot, 1818
10
10
Ramphotrigon megacephalum (Swainson, 1835)
7
7
Serpophaga subcristata (Vieillot, 1817)
2
2
Stigmatura budytoides (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837)
2
2
Todirostrum cinereum (Linnaeus, 1766)
2
2
Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Spix, 1825)
1
1
Pipridae
Chiroxiphia caudata (Shae et Nodder, 1793)
15
15
Pipra fasciicauda Hellmayr, 1906
3
3
Piprites chloris (Temminck, 1822)
1
1
Tityridae
Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838)
7
7
Vireonidae
Cyclarhis gujanensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)
4
4
Troglodytidae
Troglodytes aedon Neumann, 1923
1
1
6
8
Cantorchilus guarayanus (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837)
2
2
Polioptilidae
Polioptila dumicola (Vieillot, 1817)
3
3
Turdidae
Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 12 12
Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850 1 1 10 12
Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818 3 3
Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 9 4 13
Parulidae
Basileuterus culicivorus (Deppe, 1830) 13 13
Table 1 continuous
187
Myiothlypis leucoblephara (Viellot, 1817)
7
7
Geothlypis aequinoctialis
(J.G. Gmelin, 1789)
2
2
Setophaga (=Parula) pitiayumi (Viellot, 1817)
1/5
1
1/6
Thraupidae
Coryphospingus cucullatus (Statius Müller, 1776)
2
6
1
9
Oryzoborus angolensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
2
2
Paroaria capitata (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837)
3/21
3/21
Paroaria coronata (J.F. Miller, 1776)
13
1/44
1/57
Poospiza melanoleuca (d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837)
11
11
Pyrrhocoma ruficeps (Strickland, 1844)
1
1
Saltator coerulescens Viellot, 1817
8
8
Saltator similis d´Orbigny et Lafresnaye, 1837
2
2
Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766)
3
3
Tachyphonus coronatus (Viellot, 1822)
5
5
Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus, 1866)
1
2
3
Tiaris fuliginosus (Wied-Neuwied, 1830)
3
3
Trichothraupis melanops (Vieillot, 1818)
13
13
Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus. 1766)
1
1
Emberizidae
Zonotrichia capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
1
3
4
Cardinalidae
Cyanocompsa brissonii (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823)
2
2
Habia rubica (Viellot, 1817)
7
7
Icteridae
Agelaioides badius (Viellot, 1819) 22
Molothrus bonariensis (J.G. Gmelin, 1789) 1 1
Molothrus rufoaxillaris Cassin, 1866 1 1
Total 0/256 2/69 4/155 6/480
1837) (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) [new host,
new location], PARAGUAY: Los Tres Gigantes
Biological Station (20°04´S, 50°09´W), 8
September 2012, coll. I. Literak (field numbers
PG 426, 433, 436).
Prevalence. N. tangara was recorded on three
(14%) of the 21 specimens of P. capitata and on
one (2%) of 57 specimens of P. coronata
examined.
This species was described from Tangara
cayana (Linnaeus, 1766) (Passeriformes:
Thraupidae) from Brazil (Bochkov and Literak,
2011). Recently N. tangara has been reported on
Thraupis episcopus (Linnaeus, 1766) from Peru
(Literak et al., 2012).
Neharpyrhynchus aff. spinus Martinu,
Dusbabek et Literak, 2008
Material examined. Ten females (ZISP AVB
2013-1219-003, 1-10) from Setophaga
(=Parula) pitiayumi (Viellot, 1817)
(Passeriformes: Parulidae) [new host, new
location], PARAGUAY: Teniente Agripino
Enciso National Park, Headquarters Area
(21°12´S, 61°39´W), 2 September 2012, coll. I.
Literak (field number PG310).
Prevalence. N. aff. spinus was recorded on one
(17%) of the 6 specimens of Setophaga
pitiayumi examined.
Neharpyrhynchus spinus was described from
Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Passeriformes: Fringillidae) from the Czech
Republic (Martinu et al., 2008). The
neharpyrhynchid mites from S. pitiayumi were
morphologically indistinguishable from N.
spinus from C. spinus but comparison with large
series of N. spinus from the type host and/or the
mite DNA analyses from mites collected on both
host species are necesary to resolve the question
concerning the status of the specimens from S.
pitiayumi.
continua tabla1
Neotrop. Helminthol., 8(1), 2014
Literák et al.
Mites of the genus Neharpyrhynchus
We thank Javier Franco, Zuzana Literakova,
Dalibor Pavlicek, and Tomas Zidek for their
cooperation in the field. The help of the staff of
the Kanguery Biological Station (Guyra
Paraguay) in San Rafael National Park, the staff
of Teniente Agripino Enciso National Park, and
the staff of Los Tres Gigantes Biological Station
(Guyra Paraguay) was greatly appreciated.
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