RESEARCH NOTE/NOTA CIENTÍFICA

NEW HOST AND GEOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF PARANCYLODISCOIDES

CHAETODIPTERI CABALLERO & BRAVO-HOLLIS, 1961 (DACTYLOGYRIDEA:

ANCYROCEPHALIDAE) PARASITIC ON PARAPSETTUS PANAMENSIS

(STEINDACHNER, 1876) (PERCIFORMES: EPHIPPIDAE) FROM TUMBES, PERU

NUEVO REGISTRO DE HOSPEDERO Y GEOGRÁFICO DE PARANCYLODISCOIDES

CHAETODIPTERI CABALLERO & BRAVO-HOLLIS, 1961 (DACTYLOGYRIDEA:

ANCYROCEPHALIDAE) EN PARAPSETTUS PANAMENSIS (STEINDACHNER, 1876)

(PERCIFORMES: EPHIPPIDAE) DE TUMBES, PERÚ

1,2 1,2 1,2 2,3 1

Jhon Chero ; Celso Cruces ; David Minaya ; José Iannacone ; Gloria Saez ;

4 2 5

Lidia Sánchez ; Lorena Alvariño & José Luis Luque

1Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática (FCNNM). Universidad Nacional Federico

Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú

2Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática (FCNNM).

Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). El Agustino, Lima, Perú.

3Laboratorio de Invertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP). Santiago de Surco, Lima,

Perú.

4Departamento de Protozoología, Helmintología e Invertebrados afines, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad National

Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.

5Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, , Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ,

Seropédica, RJ, Brasil

Neotropical Helminthology, 2015, 9(2), jul-dec: 377-382.

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Monogenea - Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri - Parapsettus panamensis - Peru.

The presence of Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1961 on

Parapsettus panamensis (Steindachner), “common Panama spadefish benthic” of the eastern

Pacific, from the coast of Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes (Peru) is recorded. The specimens of P.

chaetodipteri on the coast of Peru extend the geographic distribution of the species from the

original locality: Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico in the Pacific Ocean. This species has not been

reported since its original description in 1961. In addition, P. panamensis is a new host for P.

chaetodipteri.

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ISSN Versión impresa 2218-6425 ISSN Versión Electrónica 1995-1043

RESUMEN

Palabras-clave: Monogenea – Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri – Parapsettus panamensis – Perú.

La presencia de Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero y Bravo-Hollis, 1961 en

Parapsettus panamensis (Steindachner, 1876), “curaca zapatero común bentónico” del Pacífico

oriental, de la costa de Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes (Perú) es registrada. Los especímenes de P.

chaetodipteri en la costa de Perú extienden la distribución geográfica de la especie desde su

localidad de origen: Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, México en el Océano Pacífico. Esta especie no se ha

registrado desde su descripción original en 1961. También, P. panamensis es un nuevo hospedero

para P. chaetodipteri.

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INTRODUCTION

Parapsettus panamensis (Steindachner, 1876)

or Panama spadefish is a benthic fish in the

Ephippidae family that is distributed from Gulf

of California (USA), Sihuatanejo (Mexico) to

northern Peru (Tumbes), and common in the

northern Peruvian coastal zone (López &

Bussing, 1982; Chirichigno & Cornejo, 2001;

Castellano-Galindo et al., 2006; Bastida-

Zavala et al., 2013; Nuñez-Orozco et al., 2013;

Amezcua & Amezcua-Linares, 2014). This

species is listed as presenting Least Concern

(LC) by International Union for Conservation

of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)

(Smith-Vaniz et al., 2010). There are no

species specific conservation measures in

place. However, its species' distribution

includes a number of Marine Protected Areas

in the tropical eastern Pacific region (Smith-

Vaniz et al., 2010).

Papers on parasites of P. panamensis are

restricted to a single record of isopod

Cymothoa exigua Schioedte & Meinert, 1884

from Colombian Pacific (Ramos et al., 1994).

During a parasitological survey of marine

fishes from the coastal zone of the Puerto

Pizarro, Tumbes, Peru, were necropsied 50

specimens of P. panamensis and collected

numerous polyonchoinean monogeneans. In

this paper, we present the first record of an

A n c y r o c e p h a l i d a e s p e c i e s

(Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero

and Bravo-Hollis, 1961) in spadefish from

Peru.

Monogeneans found were fixed in 4% hot

formalin, slightly flattened between slide and

coverslip, stained with Gomori's trichrome and

mounted in Canada balsam to study internal

organs. Other specimens were mounted in

Hoyer´s liquid for studying sclerotized parts.

Measurements were made in millimeters

(mm). Some specimens were photographed

using a Leica camera CME LeicaEC3

Software LAS (Leica Application Suite) - EZ

version 1.80, 2009, Switzertland.

The identification of the host follows to

Chirichigno & Cornejo (2001). The taxonomic

determination of the parasites was in

accordance with the diagnosis proposed by

Caballero & Bravo-Hollis (1961) and Kritsky

(2012). Voucher specimens of P. chaetodipteri

were deposited in the Helminthological and

Related Invertebrates Collection of the

Museum of Natural History at the San Marcos

University (MUSM-UNMSM N° 3247) and

Scientific Collection of Protozoa and

Metazoan Parasites of the Federico Villarreal

University (CPMP-UNFV N° 172a-c).

Class MONOGENEA (Carus, 1863)

Bychowsky, 1937

Subclass MONOPISTHOCOTYLEA

Odhner, 1912

Family ANCYROCEPHALIDAE

Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1968

Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero

& Bravo-Hollis, 1961

The description is based on 15 specimen and

measurements in 6 (Figures 1 to 6). Body

fusiform, slightly flattened dorsoventrally,

0.776-0.868 (0.833) (n = 6) long; greatest

width 0.155-0.202 (0.175) (n = 6) usually at

germarium level. Tegument smooth. Cephalic

region broad, with well-developed cephalic

lobes and head organs; cephalic glands in two

bilateral groups lateral and anterolateral to

pharynx. Pharynx elongate ovate, 0.052-0.060

(0.055) (n = 6) long, 0.039-0.050 (0.046) (n =

6) wide. Haptor subrectangular, 0.055 -0.084

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS

Chero et al.

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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 9, Nº2, jul-dec 2015

(0.071) (n = 6) long, 0.117-0.153 (0.132) (n =

6) wide. Ventral anchors 0.051-0.060 (0.055)

(n = 10) long; dorsal anchor 0.049-0.060

(0.056) (n = 12) long. Ventral bar 0.046-0.062

(0.057) (n = 6) long; dorsal bar 0.048-0.060

(0.054) (n = 6) long. Hooks 0.008-0.011

(0.009) (n = 14) long. Egg 0.068 (n = 4) long,

0.048 (n = 4) wide. Testis ovate, 0,115-0,158

(0.139) (n = 6) long 0,053-0,109 (0. 081) (n =

6), entire margins. Germarium pyriform,

0.053-0.076 (0.063) (n = 6) long, 0.038-0.059

(0,048) (n=6) wide, lying to the right of the

anterior end of the testis, with anterior end

significantly tapered and recurved posteriorly,

then bending anteriorly as oviduct. Vaginal

aperture at level of base of MCO (Male

copulatory organ); vaginal vestibule large,

lightly sclerotized, 0.058-0.081 (0.069) (n =

6), lying diagonally on right side of body

anterior to germarium. Filament of egg 0.006

(n = 4).

New host and geographical record of Parancylodiscoides

Table 1. Comparative morphometric data of Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri (Ancyrocephalidae) (measured in

mm) in two Ephippid hosts from Pacific Ocean. L = long. W = wide.

Taxonomic Characters Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri

Body L 0.679-1.027 0.776-0.868

W 0.196-0.286 0.155-0.202

Head organs # 6 6

Haptor L 0.060-0.075 0.055-0.084

W 0.127-0.164 0.117-0.153

Ventral anchor L - 0.051-0.060

Ventral bar L 0.057-0.072 0.046-0.062

Dorsal anchor L - 0.049-0.060

Dorsal bar L 0.068-0.083 0.048-0.060

Hooks L 0.008-0.013 0.008-0.011

Pharynx L 0.041-0.057 0.052-0.060

W 0.047-0.057 0.039-0.050

Testis L 0.094-0.125 0.115-0.158

W 0.060-0.104 0.053-0.109

MCO L - 0.075-0.114

MCO base L - 0.028-0.035

Germarium L 0.061-0.082 0.053-0.076

W 0.057-0.070 0.038-0.059

Vaginal vestibule L 0.109-0.139 0.058-0.081

W 0.021-0.037 -

Eggs L 0.082-0.115 0.068

W 0.047-0.057 0.048

Filament of egg L - 0.006

Host Chaetodipterus zonatus Parapsettus panamensis

Locality type Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, México Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes, Peru

Site of infestation Gills Gills

Distribution of host Eastern Pacific: San Diego,

California USA to Peru

Eastern Pacific: Gulf of

California to Peru

Reference Caballero &

Bravo-Hollis (1961)

Present

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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 9, Nº2, jul-dec 2015 Chero et al.

Figure 1. Whole mounted specimens of Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1961.

DISCUSSION Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782)

(Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico) and P.

platacis (Young, 1968) Kritsky, 2012 on

Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kritsky,

2012). All fish parasites of Ephippidae family

belong to Chaetodipterus and Platax genus

(Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1961; Young,

1968; Lim & Gibson, 2009; Kritsky, 2012;

Cohen et al., 2013).

Specimens collected in this study show

morphometric characteristics similar those

designated for type species P. chaetodipteri,

and we believe that dealing with the same

species. However, we can notice some

Genus Parancylodiscoides was created by

Caballero & Bravo-Hollis (1961) with the

descripti on of Pa r a n c y l o di s c o i d e s

chaetodipteri using specimens collected of

Pacific Spadefish Chaetodipterus zonatus

(Girard, 1858) of the Mexican Pacific Ocean.

Subsequently it amended by Kritsky (2012).

To date there have been described three species

in Parancylodiscoides: P. chaetodipteri

Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1961 on

Chaetodipterus zonatus (Mexico); P.

longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) on

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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 9, Nº2, jul-dec 2015

differences we attribute to intraspecific

variation, as the smaller size of vestibule of

vagina, dorsal bar long (0.109-0.139 of

Caballero & Bravo-Hollis (1961) vs 0.058-

0.081 of the current study) and eggs (0.082-

0.115 of Caballero & Bravo-Hollis (1961) vs

0.068 of the current study) in the specimen

Peru (Table 1).

The results of this research contribute to

increasing knowledge of the parasitic marine

fish biodiversity in Peru's north coast. P.

chaetodipteri is considered a new record for

the South American Pacific and P. panamensis

is a new host record for this parasite.

Furthermore, this study is the first report of P.

chaetodipteri since its original description by

Caballero & Bravo-Hollis (1961).

The presence of P. chaetodipteri in the South

American Pacific might be a result from the

overlapped geographical distribution of the

New host and geographical record of Parancylodiscoides

Figure 2-6. Parancylodiscoides chaetodipteri Caballero and Bravo-Hollis, 1961. 2. Ventral anchor. 3. Dorsal anchor. 4. Ventral

bar. 5. Dorsal bar. 6. MCO (Male copulatory organ).

50 μm

5 6

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two host, Ch. zonatus (USA, Mexico and Peru)

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(Chirichigno & Cornejo, 2001).

P. longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) from

the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus

faber (Broussonet) (Acanthuroidei:

Ephippidae) in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Received November 1, 2015.

Accepted December 7, 2015.