ORIGINAL ARTICLE /ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL
CHECKLIST OF PLATYHELMINTH PARASITES OF HUMANS DEPOSITED IN
HELMINTHOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE OSWALDO CRUZ INSTITUTE,
BRAZIL
LISTA DE VERIFICACIÓN DE LOS PLATELMINTOS PARÁSITOS DE HUMANOS
DEPOSITADOS EN LA COLECCIÓN HELMINTOLÓGICA DEL INSTITUTO OSWALDO
CRUZ, BRASIL
1,3 1* 1 2
Magda Sanches ; Marcelo Knoff ; Delir Corrêa Gomes & Beatriz Brener
1Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
2Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
3Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
*Correspondence to author/ Autor para correspondencia: Marcelo Knoff
Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP
21045-900. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Phone: +55(21) 2562-1462, Fax: +55(21) 2562-1511
E-mail/correo eletrónico: knoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br
Neotropical Helminthology, 2016, 10(1), ene-jun: 73-84.
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Cestoda – CHIOC – Digenea – human – Platyhelminthes
The Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
is the largest collection in Latin America in number of specimens and is among the leading
collections of world. It contains representative specimens from hosts of various biomes of the
Brazilian and other countries' biodiversity. There are several types of helminths deposited,
including parasites of medical and veterinary importance. The samples are stored as wet material
and/or as whole mounts. To obtain the knowledge of the platyhelminths parasitizing man
deposited in CHIOC we did a survey of samples in the computerized database and its catalog
cards. A total of catalog cards with 236 samples deposited in the CHIOC were analyzed.
Listed records included the deposit number, date of collection, geographical distribution, site of
infection and the developmental stage.
113
From 113 records cataloged, Trematoda has 27 records
with six species, and the highest numbers of deposits are related to Cestoda with 86 records with
12 species. The most frequent species of trematodes was adults of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon,
1907 mostly from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Taenia saginata Goeze, 1782 was the most
frequent species of cestode mostly from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the flatworms, the
first deposit was specimens of T. saginata adults, CHIOC 1 without information of date of
collection, deposited in 1913, and the last deposit was of an adult Diphyllobothrium latum
(Linnaeus, 1758), CHIOC 37003, collected on 21 April 2005.
73
ISSN Versión impresa 2218-6425 ISSN Versión Electrónica 1995-1043
74
RESUMEN
Palabras clave: Cestoda - CHIOC - Digenea - humano - Platelmintos
La Colección Helmintológica del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, es la
colección más grande de América Latina en número de especímenes y es una de las principales
colecciones del mundo. Contiene especies representativas de diversos biomas, testimonios de la
biodiversidad brasileña y de otros países. Existen varios tipos de helmintos depositados en la
misma, incluidos los parásitos de importancia médica y veterinaria. Las muestras están
depositadas como material líquido o montaje final. Para obtener el conocimiento de los
platelmintos que parasitan al hombre depositados en CHIOC, se realizó un estudio de sus
muestras en su base de datos informatizada y sus fichas de catálogo. Se analizaron un total de 113
fichas de catálogo con 236 muestras depositadas en la CHIOC. Una lista de estos helmintos se
generó a partir del número de depósito de las muestras analizadas, que fueron incluidas con
información sobre la fecha de recogida, distribución geográfica, el sitio de infección y el estado
ontogenético. De los 113 registros catalogados en la CHIOC, sobre platelmintos parásitos de los
seres humanos, Trematoda tiene 27 registros con 6 especies, y el mayor número de depósitos
están relacionados con Cestoda, con 86 registros con 12 especies. Entre los trematodos la especie
con mayor número de depósitos es Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 en fase adulta de la
circulación sanguínea y la mayoría de ellos son del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Entre los
cestodos la especie con mayor número de depósitos es Taenia saginata Goeze, 1782 adulta del
intestino y la mayoría de ellos son del Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. En las muestras de los
platelmintos el primer depósito fue T. saginata adulto, CHIOC 1, sin información de fecha de
colecta, depositada en 1913, y el último depósito fue un Diphyllobothrium latum (Linnaeus,
1758) adulto, CHIOC 37003, colectado el 21 de abril de 2005.
Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016
INTRODUCTION
In Latin America there are about 10
helminthological collections internationally
recognized, and the Helminthological
Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute
(CHIOC) is the largest of them in number of
specimens deposited and it is among the
leading collections in the world (Knoff et al.,
2010; Lamothe-Argumedo et al., 2010).
The CHIOC contains a large biodiversity and
has representatives from various biomes from
Brazil, such as: Amazon, Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado, Caatinga, Pantanal, Pampa and
continental and marine waters, there is also
helminths of the five continents. It has several
types of parasites deposited in its collection,
including those of medical and veterinary
importance (Noronha et al., 2009).
The survey of the CHIOC include about
38,000 samples of helminths (what does not
indicate the number of specimens, since they
can vary from one to hundreds of per sample)
(Brasil, 2014), among these, species that cause
zoonoses and some of them known as
neglected tropical diseases. Neglected
helminthiasis affect more often the population
living in precarious hygiene conditions, and
children are the most affected individuals
(Conteh et al., 2010).
This study presents the effort to list all the
Platyhelminths species causing helminthiasis
collected from human deposited in CHIOC,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to disseminate
Sanches et al.
their information and thus to make them
available for taxonomic, systematic,
morphological, biological, ecological,
epidemiological studies and geographic
distribution contributing to of these infections.
This work was developed from a survey of
Platyhelminthes specimens samples deposited
in the Helminthological Collection of the
Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), Fiocruz, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil. The material studied is
preserved as a wet material and/or whlole
mounts and have been stored since the
th
beginning of the 20 century.
The wet materials are preserved in ethanol 70º
GL, ethanol 70º GL 5% glicerinated and acetic
formaldehyde in glass flasks. The whole
mounts are preserved in permanent mean,
mounted between slide and coverslip in
Canada balsam. The samples are stored in
modern steel closets with smoothly sliding
doors.
To generate the checklist a survey in the
records of the CHIOC database was made, and
a total of 113 catalog cards and 236 samples
were analyzed. The information of samples
was checked and cited in the following
sequence, whenever available, related the
CHIOC number with the date of collect,
geographical distribution, site of infection and
ontogenetic stage.
The taxonomic classification follows
Travassos et al. (1969), Yamaguti (1971),
Brooks & McLennan (1993), Gibson et al.
(2002), Jones et al. (2005) and Bray et al.
(2008) for Digenea, and Verster (1969),
Schmidt (1986), Khalil et al. (1994) and
Kuchta et al. (2008) for Cestoda, and the
terminology of larval cestodes follows Chervy
(2002).
75
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ethics statement, the material used in this
study is from the deposit of researchers, who in
the act of deposits in the CHIOC were in
accordance with current rules.
From 113 records cataloged in the CHIOC
about the Platyhelminthes parasitizing humans
Trematoda has 27 records with six species, and
the highest number of deposits are related to
Cestoda with 86 records with 12 species. On
the trematodes the species with highest
number of deposits are adults of Schistosoma
mansoni of blood circulation and the majority
of them are from the State of Minas Gerais,
Brazil. Among the cestodes the species with
highest number of deposits are adults of Taenia
saginata of intestine and the majority of them
are from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On
the samples of human flatworms, the first
deposit was the T. saginata adult, CHIOC 1
without information of date of collect,
deposited in 1913, when it had its initial
organization, and the last deposit was a
Diphyllobothrium latum adult, CHIOC 37003,
collected on 21 April 2005.
The checklist of these species is showed below.
Phylum Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859
Class Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808
Subclass Digenea Carus, 1863
Order Echinostomatiformes La Rue, 1957
Superfamily Echinostomatoidea Looss, 1899
Family Fasciolidae Railliet, 1895
Genus Fasciola Linnaeus, 1758
Fasciola sp., CHIOC: 1360, September, 1916,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, eggs.
Order Streigiformes La Rue, 1926
Superfamily Schistosomatoidea Stiles &
Hassall, 1898
Family Schistosomatidae Poche, 1907
Genus Schistosoma Weiland, 1858
Schistosoma haematobium (Bilhartz, 1852),
Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016 Checklist of Platyhelminthes parasites of humans
RESULTS
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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016 Sanches et al.
CHIOC: 778 a-d, eggs, CHIOC: 779, eggs,
CHIOC: 7162, September 9, 1929, Paris,
France, urinary vesicle, eggs; Schistosoma
japonicum (Katsurada, 1904), CHIOC: 15403,
Shangai, China, adult; Schistosoma mansoni
Sambon, 1907, CHIOC: 154, July 26, 1912,
Goiás, Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 780,
Bahia, Brazil, eggs; CHIOC: 781, August 26,
1912, Góias, Brazil, faeces, eggs; CHIOC:
935, Bahia, Brazil, adult; CHIOC: 1344,
November, 1916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
faeces, eggs; CHIOC: 2399, July 4, 1916, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Faeces; CHIOC: 2400,
June 17, 1916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
faeces, adult; CHIOC: 4289, Bahia, Brazil,
portal system, adult; CHIOC: 4512,
December, 1922, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
rectum, eggs; CHIOC: 6374, Bahia Brazil,
adult; CHIOC: 7163, September, 1929, Egypt,
intestinal polyps, eggs; CHIOC: 13610,
August, 1936, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil,
adult; CHIOC: 25775, July 16, 1916, Aracajú,
Sergipe, Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 31158a-
z, 1974, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais,
Brazil, blood circulation, adults, CHIOC:
31159a-o, 1974, Governador Valadares, Minas
Gerais, Brazil, blood circulation, adults,
CHIOC: 31160a-r, 1974, Governador
Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, blood
circulation, adults, CHIOC 31161a-z and aa-
ae, 1974, Governador Valadares, Minas
Gerais, Brazil, blood circulation, adults,
CHIOC 31162a-b, 1974, Governador
Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, blood
circulation, adults.
Order Opisthorchiiformes La Rue, 1957
Family Opisthorchiidae Braun, 1901
Genus Clonorchis Looss, 1907
Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875), CHIOC:
1978, adult; CHIOC: 4313, Hanoi, Vietnam,
liver, adult; CHIOC: 5717, March, 1927,
Hanoi, Vietnam, liver, adult.
Opistorchis Blanchard, 1895
Opistorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884), CHIOC:
4515, 1914.
Class Cestoda van Beneden, 1849
Order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta, Scholz,
Brabec & Bray, 2008
Family Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910
Genus Adenocephalus Nybelin, 1931
Adenocephalus pacificus Nybelin, 1931 (syn.
Dyphyllobothrium pacificum) CHIOC: 19820,
May, 1961, Chile, adult, CHIOC: 28043a-c,
May, 1961, Chile, adult.
Genus Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858
Diphyllobothrium latum (Linnaeus, 1758),
CHIOC: 13997, 1941, Montevideo, Uruguay,
adult, CHIOC: 30161 a-b, August, 1966,
Cordoba, Argentina, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
30162 a-c, August, 1966, Cordoba, Argentina,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 30196, August, 1966,
Cordoba, Argentina, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
35582, August, 2004, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, eggs, CHIOC: 37003 a-e, April 21,
2005, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine,
adult.
Order Cyclophyllidea Braun, 1900
Family Taeniidae Ludwig, 1886
Genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758
Taenia saginata Goeze, 1782, CHIOC: 1, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult; CHIOC:
179: Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult,
CHIOC: 212, November, 1912, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC: 213,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 220, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC: 221, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
358, July, 1914, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
adult, CHIOC: 601, adult, CHIOC: 602, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
603, intestine, adult, CHIOC: 604, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, adult, CHIOC: 605,
November 5, 1912, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 606, October 9, 1908,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult,
CHIOC: 607, 1907, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
adult; CHIOC: 608, 1913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC: 609, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
610, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, adult, CHIOC:
77
611, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult,
CHIOC: 612, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, adult,
CHIOC: 613, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 614, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil, adult, CHIOC: 615, October 19,
1907, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine,
adult, CHIOC: 616, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 871 a-c, February,
1915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult,
CHIOC: 872, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 873, 1912, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult, CHIOC:
2751, November 27, 1920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, faeces, adult; CHIOC: 2752,
November 27, 1920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
faeces, adult; CHIOC: 2753, November 27,
1920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult;
CHIOC: 2754, November 27, 1920, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult, CHIOC:
2755, November 27, 1920, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, faeces, adult, CHIOC: 4567, October
20, 1922, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine,
adult, CHIOC: 4568, 1922, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, intestine, adult; CHIOC: 8184,
December, 1938, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 10584, December,
1938, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine,
adult, CHIOC: 17435, Brazil, adult, CHIOC:
17436, Brazil, adult, CHIOC: 24467, June 4,
1956, Brazil, intestine, adult; Taenia solium
Linnaeus, 1758, CHIOC: 88, October, 1913,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, muscle, cysticercus,
CHIOC: 4405, cysticercus, CHIOC: 5054,
Minas Gerais, Brazil, faeces, adult, CHIOC:
5768, 1927, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
intestine, adult, CHIOC: 6260, April 06, 1928,
São Paulo, Brazil, small intestine, adult,
CHIOC: 10589, 1937, São Paulo, Brazil, eye,
cysticercus, CHIOC: 14038, 1942, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, muscle, cysticercus,
CHIOC: 14039, 1942, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, muscle, cysticercus, CHIOC: 19538 (1-
19), 1951, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, small
intestine, adult; Taenia sp., CHIOC: 12435,
February, 1942, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
cecal appendix, adult, CHIOC: 23365, 1956,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, intestine, adult.
Genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801
Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786),
CHIOC: 181, September 9, 1906, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, lung, hydatid, CHIOC:
319, February, 1909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, Spiegel's lobe, hydatid, CHIOC: 325,
hydatid, CHIOC: 7414, May, 1930, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, liver, hydatid, CHIOC:
9192, February, 1909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, Spingel's lobe, hydatid, CHIOC: 9217,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, hydatid, CHIOC:
12441, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, liver,
hydatid; Echinococcus vogeli Rausch &
Bernstein, 1972, CHIOC: 34336, 1998,
Maranhão, Brazil, liver, hydatid, CHIOC:
35412, Acre, Brazil, liver, hydatid, CHIOC:
36576, Acre, Brazil, liver, hydatid;
Echinococcus sp., CHIOC: 1812, 1919, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, hydatid.
Family Hymenolepididae Ariola, 1899
Genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858
Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819),
CHIOC: 1000, August, 1916, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil, intestine, eggs, CHIOC: 1688, São
Paulo, Brazil, intestine, eggs, CHIOC: 1689,
São Paulo, Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 1690,
1918, São Paulo, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 1691,
São Paulo, Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 1692,
São Paulo, Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC:
10794 a-d, 1939, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
faeces, adult, CHIOC: 18027, 1939, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, adult, CHIOC: 19927, May
15, 1952, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces,
adult; Hymenolepis sp., CHIOC: 2946, May
12, 1921, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces,
adult, CHIOC: 2947, May 12, 1921, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult, CHIOC:
2948, May 12, 1921, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
faeces, adult, CHIOC: 2949, May 12, 1921,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult,
CHIOC: 2950, May 12, 1921, Rio de Janeiro,
RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult.
Genus Rodentolepis Spasskii, 1954
Rodentolepis nana (Siebold, 1852), CHIOC:
2719 a-h, June 27, 1921, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016 Sanches et al.
Brazil, faeces, eggs, CHIOC: 2776, June,
1921, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, faeces, adult,
CHIOC: 4668, 1923, small intestine, eggs,
CHIOC: 4784, December 23, 1924, faeces,
eggs.
Family Davaineidae Braun, 1900
Genus Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920
Raillietina sp., CHIOC: 27270, Ecuador, adult.
Family Dipylidiidae Stiles, 1896
Genus Dipylidium Leuckart, 1863
Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758),
CHIOC: 5523, 1925, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil, faeces, adult.
The Helminthological Collection of the
Oswaldo Cruz Institute is characterized by
containing deposits from Brazil and several
countries. Currently it has been observing a
gradual increase in deposits, due to the need of
researchers to demonstrate the records in the
publications of the samples studied, this is also
occurring with deposits related to helminths
from humans, although in a smaller
proportion. In CHIOC there are more
deposited samples from animals than human
samples, being evidenced by the surveying of
the present study (Noronha et al., 2009; Knoff
et al., 2010; Brasil, 2014).
Fasciola hepatica, species that causes
fascioliasis, zoonosis that affects the liver, with
their young forms crossing the liver
parenchyma, and adult forms in the bile ducts,
of several species of wild and domestic
animals (Pile et al., 2001; Santos, 2014).
Recently human cases have been reported in
Bali and Iran (Ashrafi et al., 2015; Figtree et
al., 2015). The highest number of human cases
reported in Latin America were reported in
Bolivia and Peru (Gulsen et al., 2002). In
Brazil, there are confirmed cases in the states
of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná,
São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais
(Gomes et al., 2002; Santos, 2014). In the
present study the sample of F. hepatica is from
the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Schistosoma mansoni, which causes mansonic
schistosomiasis, is coextensive with S.
haematobium, which causes urinary
schistosomiasis in large areas (Mott & Cline,
1980; Jordan et al., 1993). Schistosoma
haematobium is endemic in 53 countries in
Africa and the Middle East, the infection
caused by S. japonicum has been recorded for
China, Japan and Philippines, and S. mansoni
was reported in 52 countries in Africa, the
Mediterranean, the Caribbean and parts of
South America (Acha & Szyfres, 2003).
Recently were reported human cases of S.
haematobium and S. mansoni in Yemen and S.
mansoni Brazil (state of Bahia) (Sady et al.,
2015; Blanton et al., 2015). About of the
samples of S. haematobium in CHIOC, two
have not record of geographical origin, and the
other is from Paris, France, that sample of S.
japonicum is from China, and those of S.
mansoni are from Egypt and from several
states of Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia,
Goiás, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro).
Clonorchis sinensis, species causing the
clonorchiasis, is a parasitic disease of great
importance to public health in many countries
in Southeast Asia (Acha & Szyfres, 2003;
Chelomina et al., 2014). According to Knoff et
al. (2013) clonorchiasis cases in Brazil have
been reported of East Asian immigrants in the
city of São Paulo. The samples found in
CHIOC, two are from Vietnan and the other
has no record of geographical origin.
Ophisthorchis felineus is a trematode
parasitizing the bile ducts of humans, cats,
dogs and other animals that feed fish, has been
found in Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, and
there are smaller foci in Europe, Korea, India,
Japan and Philippines (Acha & Szyfres,
DISCUSSION
79
2003). Aditionally, opisthorchiasis human
cases were reported in Italy (Gómez-Morales
et al., 2013). The sample deposited in CHIOC
has no record of geographical origin.
Adenocephalus pacificus has been reported in
Chile, Peru and Ecuador, is the most important
causative agent of human diphyllobothriosis in
South America, however cases recently
imported to Europe demonstrate the potential
for spread of this tapeworm throughout the
world as a result of global trade of fresh or
chilled marine fish and travel or migration of
humans (Acha & Szyfres, 2003; Hernandez-
Orts et al., 2015; Kuchta et al., 2015). The
samples deposited in the CHIOC are from
Chile, and were deposited as D. latum.
Diphyllobothrium latum is a wide geographic
distribution species found in the temperate
zones, between the subartic and subtropical,
particularly lacustrine regions. In South
America this helminth has been found
parasitizing humans in some countries,
including sporadic cases in states of Brazil
(Acha & Szyfres, 2003; Knoff et al., 2011,
2012, 2013). The samples deposited in the
CHIOC are from Uruguay, Argentina, and
from those cases reported of state of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil by Knoff et al. (2011).
Taenia solium and T. saginata are
cosmopolitan species. Taenia solium is much
more commom in developing countries,
particularly in Latin America, easthern
Europe, northern China, India and easthern
Africa. Taenia saginata there is a wider
distribution, particularly in easthern and
westhern Africa, North and South America and
Europe (Acha & Szyfres, 2003). Aditionally,
human cases of T. solium have been reported
from Mexico, Poland, Southern Rwanda,
Thailand, Hymalaya (Waloch, 2005; Joshi et
al., 2012; Rottbeck et al., 2013; Cárdenas et
al., 2014; McCleery et al., 2015) and Brazil
(states of Ceará and Santa Catarina) (Alves et
al., 2011; Pantaleão et al., 2007), and T.
saginata from Poland, Italy, Turkey, Egypt,
northern Iran (Waloch, 2005; Digerli et al.,
2005; Dutto et al., 2009; Omran &
Mohammad, 2015; Saravi et al., 2016). The
most of samples of T. saginata deposited in the
CHIOC are from the state of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, and of T. solium are from the states of
Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São
Paulo, Brazil, and Taenia sp. are from state of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Among the species of Echinococcus, E.
granulosus is the most widespread of the
species, and they are usually associated with
the people involved with management of sheep
and goats in several countries of all continents
of the world (Acha & Szyfres, 2003).
Echinococcus granulosus presents high
endemicity in the southern South America,
Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Peru and
Uruguai (Acha & Szyfres 2003; Rajender et
al., 2015). Echinococcus vogeli is present only
in South and Central America (Acha &
Szyfres, 2003; Soares et al.; 2004). Recently,
studies of human cases parasitized by E. vogeli
were reported from the state of Acre, Brazil
(Siqueira et al., 2010; Almeida et al., 2013).
The samples of E. granulosus in CHIOC are
from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The
samples of E. vogeli deposited in CHIOC are
from states of Maranhão and Acre, Brazil, and
of Echinoccocus sp. are from state of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
Hymenolepis diminuta is usually uncommon
but has been reported from various areas of the
world, in man has been reported in India,
Korea, Itália, Espanha, Jamaica, USA, Chile,
São Tomé and Princepe, Yuguslavia, Brasil
(state of Minas Gerais) (Acha & Szyfres, 2003;
Tiwari et al., 2014). The samples in CHIOC of
H. diminuta are from states of São Paulo and
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and of Hymenolepis sp.
are from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rodentolepis nana (= Hymenolepis nana)
species causing rodentolepidiasis (known also
Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016 Checklist of Platyhelminthes parasites of humans
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Neotropical Helminthology. Vol. 10, Nº1, ene-jun 2016 Sanches et al.
as hymnelopidiasis), is the most prevalent
human cestodiasis in the world, has been found
in Zimbabwe, Egypt, Nigeria, India, Korea,
Canada, Cuba, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia
and Brazil (Acha & Szyfres, 2003). Recently,
was reported a human case with an
extraintestinal infection from Colombia
(Muehlenbachs et al., 2015). About the
samples deposited in CHIOC, are from state of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with exception of two
that have no record of geographical origin.
The species of the genus Raillietina cause the
zoonosis raillietiniasis that has been reported
in the southeastern Africa, Iran, Japan,
Australia, Mauritius, Philippines, Taiwan,
Tailand, Turkestan region of Asia, Cuba,
Honduras, Guyana and Ecuador (Acha &
Szyfres, 2003). The sample in the CHIOC of
Raillietina sp. is from Ecuador.
Dipylidium caninum, a dog intestinal parasite,
represents a zoonotic potential, most infecting
children, has been found in several countries,
mainly in Europe, USA and Latin America.
Metropolitan areas that have high
concentrations pets and urban fecal
contamination in public areas are at health
risks. In Brazil human infections have been
reported since 1917 (Lemos & Oliveira, 1985;
Acha & Szyfres, 2003; Zanzani et al., 2014).
The sample of CHIOC is from the state of Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.
In some older faeces samples and mounted
between slide and cover slip, were
deteriorated, making it difficult to analyze
them.
The Platyhelminthes species collected from
human stored in the CHIOC reported in the
present checklist can be used to researchers
with medical and veterinary concerns,
providing subsidies for health surveillance
secretaries in planning and on control of
intestinal parasites and to control and/or
eradicate the zoonoses.
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