Volume11,Number1(ene-jun2017)
ÓrganooficialdelaAsociaciónPeruanadeHelmintologíaeInvertebradosAfines(APHIA)
Lima-Perú
VersiónImpresa:ISSN2218-6425VersiónElectrónica:ISSN1995-1043
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ISSN Versión impresa 2218-6425 ISSN Versión Electrónica 1995-1043
Neotropical Helminthology, 2017, 11(1), jan-jun: 283-288.
RESEARCH NOTE / NOTA CIENTÍFICA
CALONECTRIS BOREALIS (AVES, PROCELLARIIDAE) AS A NEW HOST RECORD FOR TWO
NEMATODE SPECIES IN BRAZIL
CALONECTRIS BOREALIS (AVES, PROCELLARIIDAE) COMO UN REGISTRO NUEVO PARA
DOS ESPECIES DE NEMÁTODOS EN BRASIL
1Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz,
Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2Laborlife Análises Clínicas Ltda.
*Autor para correspondência:Cárdenas, M. Q.
melissaq@ioc.ocruz.br
Neotropical Helminthology
283
ABSTRACT
Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston & Mawson, 1942 and Seuratia shipleyi (Stossich, 1900) are reported
in Brazil parasitizing Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881), which represents a new host record for both
nematode species. The main measurements of these species in the new host are presented.
Keywords: Aves – Brazil – Contracaecum – Nematoda – new host record – Seuratia
1* 1 2 1
Melissa Q. Cárdenas ; Simone C. Cohen ; Priscila A. Fernandes & Berenice M.M. Fernandes
RESUMEN
Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston & Mawson, 1942 y Seuratia shipleyi (Stossich, 1900) están
registrados en Brasil parasitando Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881), que es un nuevo huésped para ambas
especies. Se presentam las principales medidas de estas especies en el nuevo huésped.
Palabras Clave: Aves – Brazil – Contracaecum – Nematoda – nuevo registro de huésped – Seuratia
INTRODUCTION Argentina, being common there during the austral
summer, and most records seem to be of young
dying during their first migration (Olmos, 2002).
According to IUCN red list, this species is
c o n s i d e r e d a s L e a s t C o n c e r n
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22732244/1).
Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881) is known to
migrate across the Atlantic towards the subtropical
convergence off Southern Brazil, Uruguai and
Locality: Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Material deposited in the CHIOC nº 38.377.
Male (based on 5 specimens): Body 23.17 (21.50-
26.17) in length and 0.80 (0.70-0.92) maximum
wide. Nerve ring 0.50 (0.47-0.56) from anterior
end. Oesophagus 3.22 (2.87-3.50) in length;
intestinal caecum 2.14 (1.60-2.60) long;
ventriculus 0.24 (0.20-0.32) long; ventricular
appendix 0.69 (0.60-0.80) long. Spicules equal
measuring 4.13 (3.50-4.50). Tail bearing 25-31
pairs of subventral precloacal papillae and 7 pairs
of postcloacal papillae. Distance from anus to
posterior extremity 0.17 (0.15-0.20).
Female (based on 5 specimens): Body 33.52
(28.45-39.47) in length and 1.08 (0.82-1.30)
maximum wide. Nerve ring 0.60 (0.46-0.70) from
anterior end. Esophagus 3.98 (3.35 - 4.47) in
length; intestinal caecum 3.07 (2.80-3.40) long;
ventriculus 0.20 (0.15-0.25) long; ventricular
appendix 0.89 (0.80-1.05) long. Vulva in anterior
half of body, distanced 8.77 (7.42-11.32) from
anterior end. Eggs with 0.063 x 0.053 (0.057-0.067
x 0.050-0.057). Distance from anus to posterior
extremity 0.52 (0.47-0.57).
Seuratia shipleyi (Stossich, 1900) (Figure 2)
Host: Calonectris borealis (new host record).
Site: buccal cavity and oesophagus.
Locality: Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Material deposited in the CHIOC nº 38.378.
Male (based on 1 specimen): Body length 12.95.
Maximum body width 0.25. Anterior region
bearing a hood measuring 0.087 x 0.150. Spines'
hood 0.0025 to 0.0270 in length. Vestibule 0.14 x
0.02. Lateral tricuspid spines with 0.050 in length,
situated at 0.12 from anterior region. Oesophagus
divided into a muscular region with 0.55 in length
and a glandular region with 4.49 in length. Lateral
rows of spines beginning 0.17 from anterior
extremity. Nerve ring and excretory pore not
observed. Spicules unequal; 0.22 and 1.07.
Distance from cloaca to posterior extremity 0.30.
Tail bearing 9 pairs of papillae; 4 precloacal pairs
and 5 postcloacal pairs.
Female (based on 1 specimen): Body length 24.80.
Maximum body width 0.50. Anterior region
bearing a hood measuring 0.09 x 0.16. Spines' hood
0.005 to 0.030 in length. Vestibule 0.17 x 0.03.
In Brazil, C. borealis is a marine and coastal bird
that occurs as seasonal migrant and do not breed in
the country. C. borealis nests in Savage Islands, the
Azores, the Canary Islands and Madeira. The
wintering area of this bird extends from southern
Brazil to northern. In Brazil, this species occurs in
ocean waters off the continental shelf (Vooren &
Brusque, 1999). According to Petry et al. (2012)
seabirds from the northern hemisphere are rarely
seen alive on the beaches of Brazil, as they are
usually found only dead individuals.
During examination of C. borealis two nematodes
species were found and are studied herein.
One specimen of Calonectris borealis, found dead
in Linhares, Espírito Santo, was examined for
helminths and harbored nematodes in the buccal
cavity and oesophagus. The nematodes collected
were washed in 0.9% NaCl solution and fixed in
ethanol 70%. For light microscopical examination
(LM) the nematodes were cleared in phenol and
observed using a Zeiss Axioscope 2 microscope
equipped with a digital camera. All measurements
are in millimeters, and the range is presented
followed by the mean in parentheses. Specimens
studied were deposited in the Helminthological
Collection of the “Instituto Oswaldo Cruz”
(CHIOC) in Brazil.
From the 17 nematode specimens collected, 14
belong to Contracaecum pelagicum and 3 to
Seuratia shipleyi. Considering that both species are
well described, we present in this study only the
main measurements with a brief description. The
morphometric study of our material is in agreement
with those anteriorly reported.
Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston & Mawson,
1942 (Figure 1)
Host: Calonectris borealis (new host record).
Site: buccal cavity and oesophagus.
Neotropical Helminthology, 2017, 11(1), jan-jun
284
Cárdenas et al.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
excretory pore not observed. Vulva 11.50 distance
from posterior extremity. Eggs with 0.037-0.042
long and 0.017-0.020 wide. Distance from anus to
posterior extremity 0.07.
Lateral tricuspid spines with 0.062 in length,
situated at 0.12 from anterior region. Oesophagus
not evidenciated. Lateral rows of spines beginning
0.19 from anterior extremity. Nerve ring and
Neotropical Helminthology, 2017, 11(1), jan-jun
285
Two nematode species in Brazil
Figure 1. Contracaecum pelagicum observed by light microscopy micrographs. A) Anterior end of female, showing three lips
(L), bifurcated interlabia (arrow) and conspicuous cephalic collar (asterisk) (scale bar: 0.12 mm). B) Lateral view of the male
posterior region showing two pairs of spicules (thin arrow) leaving the anus (arrow head) (scale bar: 0.56 mm). C) Egg leaving
vulva (arrow) observed by differential interference contrast (DIC) (scale bar: 0.11 mm). D) Lateral view of the female posterior
region, showing anus (arrowhead), observed by (scale bar: 0.13 mm).differential interference contrast (DIC)
Neotropical Helminthology, 2017, 11(1), jan-jun
286
Cárdenas et al.
Figure 2. Seuratia shipleyi observed by differential interference contrast (DIC). A) Anterior region of female bearing a hood (H),
a vestibule (asterisk), lateral tricuspid spines (TS) and lateral rows of spines (thin arrows) (scale bar: 0.1mm). B) Anterior region
showing spines' hood (arrows) (scale bar: 0.05 mm). C) posterior region of female (scale bar: 0.05 mm). D) Vulvar region,
showing vulva (arrow head) and eggs (thin arrow) (scale bar: 0.17 mm). E) Lateral view of the posterior region of male, showing
the smaller spicule (SS) and the larger spicule (LS) (scale bar: 0.22 mm).
examination of the specimen of Calonectris
borealis.
Neotropical Helminthology, 2017, 11(1), jan-jun
287
Two nematode species in Brazil
Contracaecum pelagicum was described for the
first time from the black-browed albatross
Talassarche melanophris (Temminck, 1828)
(=Diomedea melanophris) (Aves, Diomedeidae) in
Australia (Johnston & Mawson, 1942). Lent &
Freitas (1948) redescribed this species from the
type-host from Uruguay reporting this species for
the first time in South America. In Brazil, C.
pelagicum was reported in Spheniscus
magellanicus (Forster, 1781) (Aves, Spheniscidae)
by Santos (1984), Ederlil et al. (2009) and Campos
et al. (2013) and referred in Sula leucogaster
Boddaert, 1783 (Aves, Sulidae) by Silva et al.
(2005). In Argentina, it was redescribed in S.
magellanicus (Garbin et al., 2007, 2013; Diaz et
al., 2010), in Talassarche melanophris
(=Diomedea melanophris) (type-host) by Garbin et
al. (2007), and in Phalacrocorax atriceps King,
1828 (Garbin et al., 2013). From Chile, this species
had been reported from Spheniscus humboldti
Meyen, 1834 and S. magellanicus by González-
Acuña et al. (2008) and from the former by Yáñez
et al. (2012).
Seuratia shipleyi had been described from different
hosts from Western Pacific, Russia, Australia and
Africa (after Mendonça & Rodrigues, 1968),
Netherlands (Borgsteede & Jansen, 1980), New
Caledonia (Vassart & Melina, 1988) and from
Spain (Alvarez-Mascato et al., 1989). In South
America, it was referred from Brazil in T.
melanophris (=D. melanophris) from Rio de
Janeiro State (Mendonça & Rodrigues, 1968) and
in Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich, 1764) by Melo et
al. (2012) from Paraiba State, and in Chile
parasitizing Pterodroma externa (Salvin, 1875)
(Diaz et al., 2007).
In the present paper C. pelagicum and S. shipleyi
are presented in C. borealis which represents the
first record for these nematodes parasitizing this
host, contributing for the knowledge of the
Brazilian biodiversity.
The authors are grateful to Larissa Pavanelli from
“Scitech Consultoria Ambiental”, Brazil, for the
DISCUSSION
AKNOWLEDGMENTS
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Received October 12, 2016.
Accepted January 18, 2017.
