![](data:image/png;base64,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Taxonomic summary. Type host: Alopoglossus
angulatus (N ); Deposited in the orthern teiid
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT
5730); Collection date 3 October 2002.
Additional host: Cercosaura eigenmanni
(Eigenmann's Prionodactylus).
Type locality: Vale de São Domingos municipality,
Mato Grosso state, Brazil, longitude 58º 58' W,
latitude 15º 07' S.
Site of infection: Small and large intestine.
Voucher specimens: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Holotype No. CHIOC
35867a, adult male; Allotype No. CHIOC 35867b,
adult female; Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto
de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Paratypes, 4
adult females, CHIBB 3130, 1 juvenile female,
CHIBB 3136, 3 juvenile females, CHIBB 3138, 3
juvenile females, CHIBB 3128 and 2 juvenile
females, CHIBB 3122.
Etymology: The new species is named in reference
t o i n f e c t i n g l i z a r d m e m b e r s o f t h e
Gymnophthalmidae family.
From the other Cosmocerca species, the new
species is promptly distinguished from 18 species,
including six Australian and Oceanian species (C.
archeyi, C. australis, C. limnodynastes, C.
novaguineae, C. oroensis and C. zugi), one
Nearctic (C. acanthurum), four Neotropical (C.
cruzi, C. paraguayensis, C. podicipinus, and C.
travassosi), two Paleartic (C. sardiniae and C.
ornata), four Oriental (C. bengalensis, C. kalesari,
C. leytensis and C. microhylae) and one Sino-
Japanese species (C. japonica) by possessing 6
pairs of plectanes instead of 3–5 pairs of plectanes.
Three species have number of plectanes higher
than the new species, the Neotropical C.
brasiliense (9 to 11 pairs; Travassos, 1931), the
Oceanian C. tyleri (9 pairs) and the Oriental C.
ishaqui (11 pairs) (Bursey et al., 2015; Sou et al.,
2018).
Besides the number of plectanes (seven pairs), two
Neotropical (C. uruguayensis, and C. vrcibradici),
one Panamanian (C. longispicula) and one
Paleartic species (C. commutata) have the spicule
size smaller than the new species species (155–180
13
DISCUSSION
µm) except C. longispicula (Bursey et al., 2015).
Cosmocerca gymnophthalmicola n. sp. can also be
distinguished from C. longispicula by both smaller
size of spicules and gubernaculum (300 and 138
µm in C. longispicula; Moravec & Kaiser, 1994),
absence of lateral alae (present in C. longispicula;
Moravec & Kaiser, 1994) and also by lesser
somatic papillae number (numerous in C.
longispicula; Moravec & Kaiser, 1994) and size of
eggs (72–81 µm long, 45–48 µm wide in C.
longispicula; Moravec & Kaiser, 1994).
Finally, five species are known to possess 6 pairs of
plectanes (Bursey et al., 2015): three from
Neotropical region (C. chilensis, C. parva and C.
rara) and two from the Paleartic (C. banyulensis
and C. longicauda). Of these, C. parva, C. rara and
C. banyulensis have variable number of plectanes
(5–7 in C. parva, 6–7 in C. rara and 5–6 in C.
banyulensis), but as we found only one male we do
not know if there is variation in the number of
plectanes in the new species; however, the new
species can be differentiated from these species by
the larger spicules (90–110 in C. parva, 200 in C.
rara and 10 in C. banyulensis), absence of lateral
alae (present in both C. parva, C. rara and C.
banyulensis), and gubernaculum length (larger
than C. parva with 95–108 and 80 in C. banyulensis
and smaller than C. rara with 206; Mordeglia &
Digiani, 1998; Bursey et al., 2005). Cosmocerca
gymnophthalmicola n. sp. can be distinguished
from C. chilensis by the larger spicule (80; Bursey
et al., 2015) and by possessing 7 pairs of simple
papillae, being one preanal, one adanal and five
postanal (numerous preanal, two adanal and four
postanal in C. chilensis, Lent & Freitas, 1948).
From C. longicauda, the new species is
distinguished by possessing larger spicule (92) and
smaller gubernaculum (190) and also by absence of
lateral alae (present; Bursey et al., 2015).
th
Cosmocerca gymnophthalmicola n. sp. is the 31
th
species assigned to the genus, and the 11 species
recorded for the Neotropical region (Falcón-Ordaz
et al., 2007; Bursey et al., 2015; Sou et al., 2018).
Species of Cosmocerca are known to infect mainly
frogs (over 88% of the species; see Bursey et al.,
2005, 2013), and C. gymnophthalmicola n. sp. is
the fourth species of the genus reported to have a
reptilian definitive host. Species of Cosmocerca
are monoxenous, with larvae actively infecting the
hosts by penetration of integument (Anderson,
Neotropical Helminthology, 2019, 13(1), ene-jun A new species of Cosmocerca