image/svg+xml
217
Ectoparasites (Phthiraptera) In the Chilean Flamingo
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Neotropical Helminthology
Neotropical Helminthology, 2023, vol. 17 (2), 217-224
ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL
GENARCHELLA PARVA
TRAVASSOS, ARTIGAS & PEREIRA, 1928 (DIGENEA:
DEROGENIDAE) IN FISH FROM TWO ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTHERN
BRAZIL: MORPHOLOGY AND COMMENTS ON HOST’S CHECKLIST
GENARCHELLA PARVA
TRAVASSOS, ARTIGAS & PEREIRA, 1928 (DIGENEA:
DEROGENIDAE) EM PEIXES EM DOIS AMBIENTES NO SUL DO BRASIL:
MORFOLOGIA E COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A LISTA DE HOSPEDEIROS
GENARCHELLA PARVA
TRAVASSOS, ARTIGAS & PEREIRA, 1928 (DIGENEA:
DEROGENIDAE) EN PECES EN DOS AMBIENTES DEL SUR DE BRASIL:
MORFOLOGÍA Y COMENTARIOS SOBRE LA LISTA DE HOSPEDADORES
Moisés Gallas
1,*
& Laura Roberta Pinto Utz
1
ISSN Versión Impresa 2218-6425 ISSN Versión Electrónica 1995-1403
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24039/rnh20231721658
Volume 17, Number 2 (jul - dec) 2023
Este artículo es publicado por la revista Neotropical Helminthology de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico
Villarreal, Lima, Perú auspiciado por la Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Af nes (APHIA). Este es un artículo de acceso abierto,
distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) [https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
deed.es] que permite el uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada de su fuente original.
1
Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande
do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
* Corresponding author: mgallas88@gmail.com
Moisés Gallas:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-009X
Laura Roberta Pinto Utz:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-4672
ABSTRACT
Genarchellaparva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 has been reported mainly in Characidae hosts. T e morphology
of this species has been known based on specimens collected mainly by Travassos and researchers (20s and 60s decades)
and also from specimens in Argentina. T e goal of this study was to describe the morphology of
G
.
parva
, provide the
parameters of the infections from dif erent f sh species, and discuss the host’s checklist from Brazil. Specimens of
G
.
parva
were collected from species of
Astyanax
Baird & Girard, 1854 and
Psalidodon
Eigenmann, 1911 in Jacuí Delta (north of
Lake Guaíba, in the municipality of Porto Alegre) and Lagoon Itapeva (municipality of Terra de Areia), extreme south
of Brazil. T e localization of the genital pore of
G
.
parva
and
Genarchella fragilis
Lunaschi, 1990 was compared and
discussed. T e prevalence of
G
.
parva
was higher in
Psalidodon
af .
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819) (12.9%) from Itapeva Lagoon
and
Astyanaxhenseli
Melo & Buckup, 2006 (11.43%) from Jacuí Delta than other species examined. A host’s checklist of
G
.
parva
in Brazil is provided and two previous reports are discussed. T is study is the f rst report of
G. parva
in
A
.
henseli
and
A
.
lacustris
from southern Brazil, while Itapeva Lagoon is considered a new locality record for
G
.
parva
.
Keywords:
Biodiversity – characids – digenetic trematode – Halipeginae – helminths – Icthyoparasitology
image/svg+xml
218
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Gallas
et al.
RESUMO
Genarchella
parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 foi registrada principalmente em hospedeiros da família Characidae.
A morfologia desta espécie é conhecida a partir de espécimes coletados principalmente por Travassos e outros pesquisadores
(nas décadas de 20 e 60) e também por espécimes da Argentina. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a morfologia
de
G
.
parva
, fornecer os parâmetros das infecções em diferentes espécies de peixes e discutir a lista de hospedeiros do
Brasil. Espécimes de
G
.
parva
foram coletados em espécies de
Astyanax
Baird & Girard, 1854 e
Psalidodon
Eigenmann,
1911 do Delta do Jacuí (limite norte do Lago Guaíba, no município de Porto Alegre) e Lagoa Itapeva (município de
Terra de Areia), no extremo sul do Brasil. A localização do poro genital de
G
.
parva
e
Genarchella fragilis
Lunaschi, 1990
foi comparada e discutida. A prevalência de
G
.
parva
foi elevada em
Psalidodon
af.
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819) (12,9%)
da Lagoa Itapeva e
Astyanax
henseli
Melo & Buckup, 2006 (11,43%) do Delta do Jacuí em relação as outras espécies
examinadas. Uma lista de hospedeiros de
G. parva
no Brasil é fornecida e dois registros foram discutidos. Este estudo é o
primeiro registro de
G. parva
em
A
.
henseli
e
A
.
lacustris
para o sul do Brasil, enquanto que a Lagoa Itapeva é considerada
como novo registro de localidade para
G. parva
.
Palavras-chave:
Biodiversidade – caracídeos – Halipeginae – helmintos – Ictioparasitologia – trematódeo digenético
RESUMEN
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 ha sido mayormente registrada en hospedadores pertenecientes a
la familia Characidae. La morfología de esta especie se conoce a partir de especímenes recolectados principalmente por
Travassos y otros investigadores (en las décadas de 1920 y 1960), así como de especímenes procedentes de Argentina. El
propósito de este estudio es describir la morfología de
G. parva
, proporcionar los parámetros de infecciones en diferentes
especies de peces y discutir la lista de hospedadores en Brasil. Se recolectaron especímenes de
G. parva
de las especies de
Astyanax
Baird & Girard, 1854, y
Psalidodon
Eigenmann, 1911, en el Delta do Jacuí (límite norte del Lago Guaíba, en
el municipio de Porto Alegre) y en la Lagoa Itapeva (municipio de Terra de Areia), ubicados en el sur de Brasil. Además,
se comparó y discutió la ubicación del poro genital de
G. parva
en relación con
Genarchella fragilis
Lunaschi, 1990. La
prevalencia de
G
.
parva
fue notablemente alta en
Psalidodon
af
. fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819) (12,9%) de Lagoa Itapeva y
Astyanax henseli
Melo & Buckup, 2006 (11,43%) del Delta del Jacuí en comparación con otras especies examinadas. Se
presenta una lista detallada de hospedadores de
G
.
parva
en Brasil, y se analizan dos registros en particular. Este estudio
constituye el primer registro de
G. parva
en
A. henseli
y
A. lacustris
para el sur de Brasil, mientras que la Lagoa Itapeva se
considera un nuevo registro de localidad para
G. parva
.
Palabras clave:
Biodiversidad – carácidos – Halipeginae – helmintos – Ictioparasitología – tremátodos digéneos
image/svg+xml
219
Genarchella parva
in fsh from southern Brazil
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
INTRODUCTION
Genarchella
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 was
proposed to accommodate
Genarchella
genarchella
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (type species) and
Genarchella
parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928
(Travassos
et al
., 1928). In South America, seven
species of
Genarchella
have been reported:
Genarchella
astyanacis
(Watson, 1976) Scholz, Vargas-Vazquez &
Salgado-Maldonado, 1995,
Genarchella fragilis
Lunaschi,
1990,
G
.
genarchella
,
Genarchella isabellae
(Lamothe-
Argumedo, 1977) Kohn, Fernandes, Gibson & Fróes,
1990,
G
.
parva
,
Genarchella porzanae
(Nasir & Gómez,
1977) Gibson, 2002, and
Genarchella tropica
(Manter,
1936) Szidat, 1954 (Kohn
et al
., 2007, 2011; Virgilio
et
al
., 2022), although only
G
.
fragilis
and
G
.
porzanae
have
not been reported in hosts from Brazil.
Until now, the morphology of
G
.
parva
has been known
based on specimens mainly collected in the past by
Travassos and other researchers (Travassos
et al
., 1928;
Kloss, 1966; Kohn & Fernandes, 1988; Kohn
et al
.,
1990) and from specimens collected in Argentina
(Lunaschi, 1990). In Brazil,
G
.
parva
has been reported
in diferent hosts (Kohn
et al
., 2007) such as
Astyanax
bimaculatus
(Linnaeus, 1758) and
Psalidodon
af.
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819) from specimens collected in the state of
São Paulo and Espírito Santo (Travassos
et al
., 1928;
Kloss, 1966; Kohn
et al
., 1990), and
P
. af.
fasciatus
from
Lake Guaíba, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
(Fortes & Hofmann, 1999). Some of characid fshes
previously classifed in
Astyanax
Baird & Girard, 1854,
were currently transferred to
Psalidodon
Eigenmann,
1911 (
Psalidodon
eigenmanniorum
(Cope, 1894) and
P
.
af.
fasciatus
) (Terán
et al
., 2020).
Te present study is a part of the studies carried out on the
helminth fauna of the species of
Astyanax
(
Astyanax
henseli
Melo & Buckup, 2006 and
Astyanax lacustris
(Lütken,
1875)) and
Psalidodon
species (
P
.
eigenmanniorum
and
P
. af.
fasciatus
) from southern Brazil (Gallas & Utz,
2019abc). In this paper, we describe the morphology of
G
.
parva
, present the parameters of infections in three
fsh species, and provide new hosts reports, including
a discussion concerning the host’s checklist of previous
reports in Brazil.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Specimens of fsh were acquired from fshermen in two
localities between 2017 and 2020:
A
.
henseli
(n = 35),
A
.
lacustris
(n = 42),
P
.
eigenmanniorum
(n = 29), and
P
.
af.
fasciatus
(n = 54) were collected in Jacuí Delta, in the
locality of Pintada Island (30º17’11’’S, 51º18’01”W),
which represents the limit north of the Lake Guaíba in
the municipality of Porto Alegre. Additionally, specimens
of
A
.
lacustris
and
P
. af.
fasciatus
(n = 31 each) were
collected in Lagoon Itapeva (29º36’16”S, 49º59’28”W),
municipality of Terra de Areia, in the state of Rio Grande
do Sul, extreme south of Brazil. Fish were collected with
seine nets or with the aid of hooks, packed in plastic
bags, and transported in ice coolers to the laboratory
for posterior necropsy. Host specimens were identifed
following Bertaco & Lucena (2010), Lucena
et al
. (2013)
and Lucena & Soares (2016).
Procedures of helminth collection and staining were made
according to Gallas & Utz (2019abc). Measurements
represent the range followed by mean ± standard
deviation, shown in micrometers (µm) unless otherwise
stated. Figures were made using a Olympus BX50
microscope, scanned and prepared using CorelDraw
X4® and Adobe’s Photoshop® CS2. Prevalence, mean
intensity and abundance of infections follow Bush
et
al
. (1997). Helminth specimens were deposited in the
Helminthological Collection of the Natural Sciences
Museum (Coleção Helmintológica do Museu de Ciências
Naturais, CHMU) at the Lutheran University of Brazil
in Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and in the Protist
Collection of the Museum of Science and Technology
(Coleção de Protistas do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia,
MCTP) at the Pontifcal Catholic University of Rio
Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Ethic aspects
: Te study was approved by the Institutional
Committee (Project # 7398). All fsh were purchased
dead.
RESULTS
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928
(Figs 1 and 2).
image/svg+xml
220
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Gallas
et al.
Figure 2
. Photomicrographs of
Genarchella parva
Travassos
Figure 1.
Diagram of specimen
in toto
of
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, ventral view, scale bar = 200 µm.
Figure 2
. Photomicrographs of
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928.
A.
Specimen
in toto
; ventrolateral
view, scale bar = 250 µm.
B.
Region of ventral sucker, lateral view, scale bar = 200 µm.
C.
Eggs, showing the single
flament (asterisks), ventral view, scale bar = 25 µm.
image/svg+xml
221
Genarchella parva
in fsh from southern Brazil
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Description based on nine specimens. Derogenidae,
Halipeginae. Tegument without spines. Body elongated,
1.42‒3.6 mm (2.5 ± 0.7 mm; n = 9) long, 0.25‒0.47
mm (0.38 ± 0.08 mm; n = 9) wide. Oral sucker 150‒220
(184 ± 26; n = 9) long, 150‒260 (193 ± 34; n = 9) wide.
Ventral sucker campaniform, 260‒480 (367 ± 72; n = 9)
long, 230‒400 (332 ± 54; n = 9) wide, and 0.53‒1.22
mm (0.83 ± 0.22 mm) from anterior end. Ratio of total
body length/oral sucker 1:13.9; ratio of total body length/
ventral sucker 1:6.7; ratio of oral sucker/ventral sucker
1:0.5. Pharynx 60‒100 (83 ± 13; n = 9) long, 60‒110 (80
± 16; n = 9) wide. Esophagus indistinct, bifurcation of the
intestinal caeca 230‒330 (283 ± 44; n = 7) from anterior
end; intestinal caeca ending next to the vitellarium.
Testes oval, oblique, intercaecal, of similar size, 80‒250
(178 ± 50; n = 9) long, 70‒220 (150 ± 49; n = 9) wide.
External seminal vesicle sacculiform, 70‒110 (86 ± 15; n
= 5) long, 30‒45 (37 ± 7; n = 5) wide. Sinus-sac 30‒60
(47 ± 11; n = 6) long, 30‒55 (44 ± 9; n = 6) wide. Sinus-
organ not observed. Genital pore ventral, in the feld of
the pharynx. Ovary oval, elongated, intercaecal, post-
testicular, anterior to vitellarium, 90‒350 (209 ±98; n =
7) long, 90‒160 (136 ± 22; n = 7) wide. Mehlis’ gland
and Laurer’s canal not observed. Uterus mainly in the
hindbody, occupying the middle and superior area of the
ovary, inter and extracaecal. Vitellarium formed by two
relatively symmetrical and oval masses, 100‒230 (164 ±
40; n = 9) long, 80‒130 (104 ± 21; n = 9) wide. Eggs
with long, single flament at anopercular pole, 22‒47 (38
± 8; n = 9) long, 13‒25 (21 ± 4; n = 9) wide. Excretory
vesicle not observed, excretory pore terminal.
Taxonomic summary:
Synonyms (according Kohn
et al
., 2007):
Genarchella
tropica
Manter, 1936 by Szidat (1954),
Genarchella
genarchella
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 by
Travassos
et al
. (1964),
Halipegus tropicus
(Manter, 1936)
by Kloss (1966),
Halipegus cryptorchis
by Mañé-Garzon
& Gascón (1973),
Halipegus parva
and
Halipegus
sp. by
Kohn & Fernandes (1987, 1988), and
Genarchella szidati
by Hamann (1989).
Hosts:
Astyanax
henseli
Melo & Buckup, 2006 (new
host record),
Astyanax lacustris
(Lütken, 1875) (new host
record), and
Psalidodon
af.
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819).
Localities: Pintada Island, municipality of Porto Alegre,
and Lagoon Itapeva, municipality of Terra de Areia (new
locality record).
Site of infection: stomach.
Helminth specimens deposited: CHMU 319, MCTP 09.
DISCUSSION
Species of
Genarchella
present diferences concerning the
general morphology of the body, shape of the ventral
sucker and the degree of development of the sinus-organ
(Kohn & Fernandes, 1988; Kohn
et al
., 1990). Te
species reported in South America with ventral sucker
campaniform are
G
.
parva
and
G
.
fragilis
(Kohn
et al
.,
1990; Lunaschi, 1990; Scholz
et al
., 1995), and they are
considered morphologically similar. Lunaschi (1990)
described
G
.
fragilis
and distinguished it from
G
.
parva
by body delicate and fragile and by the position of the
genital pore. However, body delicate and fragile is not very
informative to determine a species, and the procedures of
host collection and helminth preparation could infuence
the conservation and quality of the specimens, mainly in
the body shape.
Te position of genital pore in
G
.
fragilis
was described
as in the below limit of the pharynx or more posterior
(Lunaschi, 1990). When comparing the descriptions and
illustrations of
G
.
parva
in diferent studies, the location
of the genital pore and consequently the sinus-sac appear
to vary: they could be found in the feld of the pharynx
(Kohn & Fernandes, 1988; Kohn
et al
., 1990; Lunaschi,
1990), as well as above (Kohn & Fernandes, 1988; Kohn
et al
., 1990; Scholz
et al
., 1995) or below (Travassos
et
al
., 1928; Kohn
et al
., 1990; Lunaschi, 1990) the limit of
the pharynx. Te specimens found in the present study
presented those traits mostly in the feld of the pharynx
or below the limit of the pharynx. Terefore, due the
variation in
G
.
parva
, the specimens of
G
.
fragilis
should
be reexamined to confrm the position of this trait in
order to recognize or not both species.
In general, the measurements of
G
.
parva
found in the
present study are similar to those found in the literature
(Kohn & Fernandes, 1988; Kohn
et al
., 1990; Lunaschi,
1990). Te parameters of the infections showed a higher
prevalence (12.9%) in
P
. af.
fasciatus
from Itapeva
Lagoon than other fsh species examined (Table 1).
Although with some diferences in the life cycle of the
species of
Genarchella
(Yamaguti, 1975; Ditrich
et al
.,
1997), possibly the infections in the examined fsh in the
present study occurred through random ingestion of the
cercariae due the opportunistic food habit of the hosts
(Vilella
et al.
, 2002), and may explain the diferences in
the parameters of the infections.
image/svg+xml
222
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Gallas
et al.
In Brazil,
G
.
parva
have been reported from diferent
hosts, but mainly in Characidae (Table 2). However, two
host species deserve attention:
Acestrorhynchus
falcatus
(Bloch, 1794) and
Oligosarcus
hepsetus
(Cuvier, 1829).
Travassos
et al
. (1928) found
G
.
parva
in
Acestrorhamphus
sp. (type host) in the state of São Paulo (type locality),
a host posteriorly reported as
A
.
falcatus
by Kohn &
Fernandes (1988), Kohn
et al
. (1990) and Kohn
et al
.
(2007). However,
A
.
falcatus
occurs in the Amazon and
Table 1.
Parameters of the infections of
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 in diferent fsh.
Host species and
localities
Prevalence (%)
Mean intensity
(helminth/host)
Mean abundance
(helminth/host)
A. henseli
(from Jacuí
Delta)
11.432.250.26
A. lacustris
(from Jacuí
Delta)
2.3820.04
A. lacustris
(from Itapeva
Lagoon)
6.4510.06
P
. af.
fasciatus
(from
Itapeva Lagoon)
12.91.50.19
Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana (Buckup
et
al
., 2007). Fortes & Hofmann (1985) reported
G
.
parva
in
O
.
hepsetus
from Lake Guaíba, but the host species
only occurs in southeastern Brazil rivers (Buckup
et al
.,
2007). In both cases, these records must be attributed to
another host species. For future studies, and to avoid loss
of information, researchers must follow a key to the host
species or deposit voucher specimens of hosts.
Table 2
. Previous records of
Genarchella parva
Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 from hosts in Brazil.
Host familiesHost speciesLocalitiesReferences
Acestrorhynchidae
Acestrorhynchus
falcatus
(Bloch, 1794)
*
Rio Moji-Guaçu,
Pirassununga, state of São
Paulo
Travassos
et al
. (1928);
Kohn & Fernandes
(1988); Kohn
et al
.
(1990)
Characidae
Astyanax
bimaculatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
state of Espírito SantoKohn
et al
. (1990)
Psalidodon
af.
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819)
Rio Moji-Guaçu,
Pirassununga, state of São
Paulo
Kloss (1966); Kohn
et al
.
(1990)
Lake Guaíba, Porto
Alegre, state of Rio
Grande do Sul
Fortes & Hofmann
(1999)
Moenkhausia
doceana
(Steindachner, 1877)
state of Espírito SantoKohn
et al
. (1990)
Oligosarcus
hepsetus
(Cuvier, 1829)
*
Lake Guaíba, Porto
Alegre, state of Rio
Grande do Sul
Fortes & Hofmann
(1995)
Oligosarcus robustus
Menezes, 1969
Lake Guaíba, Porto
Alegre, state of Rio
Grande do Sul
Kohn
et al
. (1990); Fortes
& Hofmann (1995)
Bryconidae
Salminus
brasiliensis
(Cuvier, 1816)
Rio Moji-Guaçu,
Pirassununga, state of São
Paulo
Kohn
et al
. (1990)
*
see remarks in the text.
image/svg+xml
223
Genarchella parva
in fsh from southern Brazil
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Fortes & Hofmann (1999) reported
G
.
parva
in
P
. af.
fasciatus
from Lake Guaíba, but the authors did not
provide the number of fsh specimens examined, the
morphometry of the helminths, and the parameters of
the infections. As for the genus
Astyanax
, this is the frst
report of
G. parva
in
A
.
henseli
and
A
.
lacustris
from
southern Brazil, including data on morphometry and
parameters of the infections in diferent host species.
Also, we report a new locality (Itapeva Lagoon) for
G
.
parva
, contributing to the knowledge and distribution of
the biodiversity of parasites in freshwater fshes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank fsherman for host collection and feld
assistance; the Buccal Pathology Laboratory (Faculty
of Odontology), PUCRS for permission to use the
microscope to take the photomicrographs; MG thanks
the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) for a
Ph.D. scholarship granted (process #140639/2016-0).
Author contributions
:
CRediT (Contributor Roles
Taxonomy)
MG
=
Moisés Gallas
LRPU
=
Laura Roberta Pinto Utz
Conceptualization
:
MG
Data curation
:
MG
Formal Analysis
:
MG
Funding acquisition
:
MG, LRPU
Investigation
:
MG
Methodology
:
MG
Project administration
:
MG, LRPU
Resources
:
MG, LRPU
Software
:
MG, LRPU
Supervision
:
MG, LRPU
Validation
:
MG, LRPU
Visualization
:
MG, LRPU
Writing – original draft
:
MG, LRPU
Writing – review & editing
:
MG, LRPU
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Bertaco, V.A., & Lucena, C.A.S. (2010). Redescription of
Astyanax obscurus
(Hensel, 1870) and
A. laticeps
(Cope,
1894) (Teleostei: Characidae): two valid freshwater species originally described from rivers of Southern Brazil.
Neotropical Ichthyology
,
8
, 7-20.
Buckup, P.A., Menezes, N.A., & Ghazzi, M.S. (eds). (2007).
Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil
.
Museu Nacional.
Bush, A.O., Laferty, K.D., Lotz, J.M., & Shostak, A.W. (1997). Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis
et al
. revisited.
Journal of Parasitology
,
83
, 575-583.
Ditrich, O., Scholz, T., Aguirre-Macedo, L., & Vargas-Vázquez, J. (1997). Larval stages of trematodes from freshwater
molluscs of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.
Folia parasitologica
,
44
, 109-127.
Fortes, E., & Hofmann, R.P. (1985). Contribuição ao conhecimento dos parasitos de peixes do estuário do Guaiba,
no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. IV – Trematódeos digenéticos.
Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária,
7
,
209-210.
Fortes, E., & Hofmann, R.P. (1995). Trematódeos gastrintestinais de
Astyanax fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819), lambaris do lago
Guaíba, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
A Hora Veterinária
,
18
, 55-56.
Gallas, M., & Utz, L.R.P. (2019a). First report of
Dendrorchis retrobiloba
Volonterio & Ponce de León, 2005 (Digenea,
Gorgoderidae) in
Astyanax
af.
fasciatus
(Cuvier, 1819) (Characiformes, Characidae) from southern Brazil.
Check
List
,
15
, 357-361.
Gallas, M., & Utz, L.R.P. (2019b).
Quadrigyrus torquatus
cystacants Van Cleave, 1920 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae)
parasitizing species of
Astyanax
(Characiformes: Characidae) from southern Brazil.
Biota Neotropica
,
19
,
e20180693.
image/svg+xml
224
Neotropical Helminthology (Lima). Vol. 17, N
º
2, jul - dic 2023
Gallas
et al.
Gallas, M., & Utz, L.R.P. (2019c). Revalidation of
Saccocoelioides bacilliformis
(Digenea, Haploporidae) parasitizing
species of
Astyanax
(Characiformes, Characidae) from southern Brazil.
Iheringia. Serie Zoologia
,
109
, e2019039.
Kloss, G.R. (1966). Helmintos parasitas de espécies simpátricas de
Astyanax
(Pisces, Characidae).
Papéis Avulsos de
Zoologia
,
18
, 189-219.
Kohn, A., & Fernandes, B.M.M. (1988). Revision of the Brazilian species of the genus
Halipegus
Looss, 1899
(Trematoda: Derogenidae).
Systematic Parasitology
,
11
, 129-137.
Kohn, A., Fernandes, B.M.M., Gibson, D.I., & Fróes, O.M. (1990). On the Brazilian species of halipegine genera
(Trematoda: Derogenidae) from fshes, with new morphological data, hosts and synonyms.
Systematic Parasitology
,
16
, 201-211.
Kohn, A., Fernandes, B.M.M., & Cohen, S.C. (2007).
South American Trematodes Parasites of Fishes
. Imprinta Express.
Kohn, A., Moravec, F., Cohen, S.C., Canzi, C., Takemoto, R.M., & Fernandes, B.M.M. (2011). Helminths of freshwater
fshes in the reservoir of the Hydroelectric Power Station of Itaipu, Paraná, Brazil.
Check List
,
7
, 681-690.
Lucena, C.A.S., & Soares, H.G. (2016). Review of species of the
Astyanax bimaculatus
“caudal peduncle spot” subgroup
sensu
Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and
coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay.
Zootaxa
,
4072
, 101-125.
Lucena, C.A.S., Castro, J.B., & Bertaco, V.A. (2013). Tree new species of
Astyanax
from drainagens of southern Brazil
(Characiformes: Characidae).
Neotropical Ichthyology
,
11
, 537-552.
Lunaschi, L.I. (1990). Helmintos parasitos de peces de agua dulce de la Argentina IX. El género
Genarchella
Travassos,
Artigas y Pereira, 1928, y descripción de
G
.
parva
Travassos, Artigas y Pereira, 1928, y
G
.
fragilis
sp. nov.
(Trematoda, Derogenidae).
Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment
,
25
, 125-132.
Scholz, T., Vargas-Vazquez, J., & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (1995). Revision of
Genarchella
species (Digenea: Derogenidae)
parasitizing freshwater fshes in Mexico and Central America.
Journal of Natural History
,
29
, 1403-1417.
Terán, G.E., Benitez, M.F., & Mirande, J.M. (2020). Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of
Astyanax
, two new genera
and resurrection of
Psalidodon
(Teleostei: Characidae).
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
,
190
, 1217-1234.
Travassos, L., Artigas, P., & Pereira, C. (1928). Fauna helminthologica dos peixes de água doce do Brasil.
Archivos do
Instituto Biológico
,
1
, 5-68.
Vilella, F.S., Becker, F.G., & Hartz, S.M. (2002). Diet of
Astyanax
species (Teleostei, Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest
River in Southern Brazil.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
,
45
, 223-232.
Virgilio, L.R., Martins, W.M.O., Lima, F.S., Takemoto, R.M., Camargo, L.M.A., & Meneguetti, D.U.O. (2022).
Endoparasite fauna of freshwater fsh from the upper Juruá River in the Western Amazon, Brazil.
Journal of
Helminthology
,
96
, e55.
Yamaguti, S. (1975).
A synoptical review of life histories of digenetic trematodes of vertebrates with special reference to the
morphology of their life cycles
. Keigaku Publishing Co.
Received October 1, 2023.
Accepted December 5, 2023.