Abstract

ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

Resumen

NEMATODES FROM MAMMALS IN BRAZIL: AN UPDATING

NEMATODOS DE MAMÍFEROS DE BRASIL: UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN

1* 1 1 1

Roberto Magalhães Pinto , Marcelo Knoff , Delir Corrêa Gomes & Dely Noronha

1Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,

Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) research fellow.

Suggested citation: Pinto, R.M., Knoff, M., Gomes, C.D. & Noronha, D. 2011. Nematodes from mammals in Brazil: an

updating. Neotropical Helminthology, vol 5, nº 2, pp. 139-183.

Key words: Brazil – mammals - nematodes.

Los presentes datos complementan resultados publicados anteriormente que se refieren a los

nemátodos de mamíferos brasileños, con la inclusión de otros géneros, especies y huéspedes. Son

presentadas medidas e ilustraciones solamente de los nemátodos diagnosticados como nuevos o que

tuvieron su descripción ampliada y, también, de los que fueron señalados en Brasil ocurriendo en

mamíferos desde 1997: Ancylostoma pluridentatum (Alessandrini, 1905), Angiostrongylus lenzii

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

2011 Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Afines (APHIA)

Versión Impresa: ISSN 2218-6425 / Versión Electrónica: ISSN 1995-1043

139

The present findings update of previously published results on the nematodes parasitizing Brazilian

mammals, with the inclusion of other genera, species and hosts. Measurements and illustrations are

only related to the nematodes representing new taxa, and to those that were either redescribed or

reported in Brazil occurring in mammals since 1997: Ancylostoma pluridentatum (Alessandrini, 1905),

Angiostrongylus lenzii Souza, Simões, Thiengo, Lima, Mota, Rodrigues-Silva, Lanfredi, Maldonado

Jr, 2009, Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923, A. simplex (Rudolphi, 1808) Dujardin, 1845, A. typica

(Diesing, 1860), Anisakis sp., Ascaris elongata (Rudolphi, 1819), Avellaria intermedia Durette-

Desset, Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006, Cheiropteronema globocephala Sandground, 1929, Contracaecum

sp., Dentostomella translucida Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932, Freitastrongylus angelae

Gonçalves, Pinto & Durett-Desset, 2007, Gracilioxyuris agilisis Feijó, Torres, Maldonado Jr &

Lanfredi, 2008, Guerrerostrongylus zetta (Tavassos, 1937) Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991,

Hadrostrongylus speciosum Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007, Halocercus (Posthalocercus) kleinenbergi

Delyamure, 1951, Litomosoides chagasfilhoi Moraes Neto, Lanfredi& Souza, 1997,

Litomosoidesodilae Notarnicola & Navone, 2002, Longistriata myopotami Petrov & Sadykov, 1969,

Moennigia littlei Durette-Desset, 1970, Molinema nattereri Guerrero & Bain, 2001, Parabronema

pecariae Ivaschkin, 1960, Physaloptera herthameyrae Torres, Maldonado Jr & Lanfredi, 2009,

Pseudoterranova sp., Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata Hoppe, Lima, Tebaldi,

Nascimento, 2010, Stenurus globicephalae Baylis & Daubney, 1925, Stilestrongylus lanfrediae Souza,

Digiani, Simões, Luque, Rodrigues-Silva & Maldonado Jr, 2009, Syphacia carlitosi Robles & Navone,

2007, Syphacia kinsellai Robles & Navone, 2007, Syphacia mesocriceti Quentin, 1971, Thelazia

californiensis Price, 1930, Trichofreitasi alenti Sutton &Durette-Desset, 1991, Trichuris didelphis

Babero, 1960, Trichuris opaca Barker & Noyes, 1915, Trichuris thrichomysi Torres, Nascimento,

Menezes, Garcia, Santos, Maldonado Jr, Miranda, Lanfredi & Souza, 2011, Viannella trichospicula

Durette-Desset Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006. In addition, checklists of other mammalian hosts for

nematode species that already had been referenced in the previous catalogue, are included in the

present survey.

Souza, Simões, Thiengo, Lima, Mota, Rodrigues-Silva, Lanfredi & Maldonado Jr, 2009, Anisakis

physeteris Baylis, 1923, A. simplex (Rudolphi, 1808) Dujardin, 1845, A. typica (Diesing, 1860),

Anisakis sp., Ascaris elongata (Rudolphi, 1819), Avellaria intermedia Durette-Desset, Gonçalves &

Pinto, 2006, Cheiropteronema globocephala Sandground, 1929, Contracaecum sp., Dentostomella

translucida Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932, Freitastrongylus angelae Gonçalves, Pinto & Durette-

Desset, 2007, Gracilioxyuris agilisis Feijó, et al., 2008, Guerrerostrongylus zetta (Travassos, 1937)

Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991, Hadrostrongylus speciosum Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007, Halocercus

(Posthalocercus) kleinenbergi Delyamure, 1951, Litomosoides chagasfilhoi Moraes Neto, Lanfredi &

Souza, 1997, Litomosoides odilae Notarnicola & Navone, 2002, Longistriata myopotami Petrov &

Sadykov, 1969, Moennigia littlei Durette-Desset, 1970, Molinema nattereri Guerrero & Bain, 2001,

Parabronema pecariae Ivaschkin, 1960, Physaloptera herthameyrae Torres, Maldonado Jr &

Lanfredi, 2009, Pseudoterranova sp., Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata Hoppe,

Lima, Tebaldi & Nascimento, 2010, Stenurus globicephalae Baylis & Daubney, 1925, Stilestrongylus

lanfrediae Souza, Digiani, Simões, Luque, Rodrigues-Silva & Maldonado Jr, 2009, Syphacia carlitosi

Robles & Navone, 2007, Syphacia kinsellai Robles & Navone, 2007, Syphacia mesocriceti Quentin,

1971, Thelazia californiensis Price, 1930, Trichofreitasia lenti Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991,

Trichuris didelphis Babero, 1960, Trichuris opaca Barker & Noyes, 1915, Trichuris thrichomysi

Torres, Nascimento, Menezes, Garcia, Santos, Maldonado Jr, Miranda, Lanfredi & Souza, 2011,

Viannella trichospicula Durette-Desset, Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006. En adición, listas relacionadas a

otros huéspedes mamíferos para las especies de nemátodos que habían sido reportados en el catálogo

anterior, son incluidas en el presente inventario.

Palabras clave: Brasil - mamíferos - nematodos.

INTRODUCTION

The nematodes parasites of vertebrates in Brazil

have systematically been surveyed, since the

decade of 1980, with the reports of nematodes from

fishes (Vicente et al., 1985), amphibians (Vicente

et al., 1991), reptiles (Vicente et al., 1993), birds

(Vicente et al., 1995) and mammals (Vicente et al.,

1997). Further, and considering that fishes have

been investigated for helminths most frequently in

Brazil, data on the nematodes infecting this group

of hosts and previously published were updated by

Vicente & Pinto (1999). With this same criterion,

the present results deal with the updating of the

catalogue of nematode parasites of mammals,

considering the large amount of data related to

these nematodes that have not been surveyed so far.

This procedure is justified, taking into account that

the gathering of detailed information about the

nematodes, their classification, morphological and

metric data geographical distribution and hosts,

besides related bibliographical references in a

same publication, facilitate further accesses. The

original catalogue of 1997, supplies data on 21

superfamilies, 45 families, 160 genera and 495

species of nematodes parasites of mammals,

together with a list of 176 host species, representing

34 families. Therefore, those previous results are

now enlarged and updated, with brief

morphological, metric and figurative data on 36

nematode species distributed in 12 superfamilies,

17 families, 27 genera, occurring in 46 of the 107

mammalian host species that also appeared

infected with nematodes that although previously

reported (Vicente et al., 1997), were found in other

hosts and thus are included in the check lists

presented here. Results based only on the

identification of nematode eggs in stool samples

were not taken into account.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The bibliographical survey related to the

nematode parasites of mammals in Brazil was

obtained from 1995 onwards (to exclude the

period of editing process regarding the paper

published in 1997) and was in accordance with

140

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

databases available in CAB International,

Current Contents, Index Catalogue,

Helminthological Abstracts and Zoological

Re c ord s . The adopted systematical

classification of nematodes was mostly based

on Anderson (1978), Vicente et al. (1997) and

Gibbons (2010). Measurements are in

millimeters (mm). Scale bars of the figures

appear either in millimeters (mm) or

micrometers (µm), depending on the original

sources from which the most relevant data and

illustrations were extracted. Specific names of

mammalian host species are reproduced in

accordance with original references.

RESULT

Genera and/or species of nematodes from

Brazilian mammals not referred by Vicente et

al. (1997).

ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA

Ancylostoma pluridentatum (Alessandrini, 1905)

(Ancylostomatidae) (Figs 1-6).

long, 0.01 wide. Caudal bursa 0.47-0.55 wide. A

rugged structure is present on each side of the

cloaca, appearing granular under light microscopy.

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 7-8 long, 0.29 wide in the middle of body.

Buccal capsule 0.13-0.17 wide. Two pairs of teeth

in the anterior and ventral portion of the mouth,

together with three small teeth on each side of the

dorsal wall. Esophagus 0.63-0.74 long. Nerve ring

anterior to the middle of esophagus. Spicules

slender, 1.15-1.17 long. Gubernaculum 0.06-0.07

Females: 10.0-11.0 long, 0.34-0.37 wide in the

region of vulva. Buccal capsule 0.16-0.21 wide.

Distribution of teeth as described for the males.

Esophagus 0.73-0.80 long. Nerve ring as in the

males. Vulva near the beginning of the posterior

third of body. Tail 0.12-0.17 log, gradually

attenuated. The slender bristle that is inserted in the

tip of the tail is 0.01-0.02 long.

(Modified and adapted from Schwartz, 1927).

Hosts: Leopardus wiedii (Schniz, 1821) and Puma

concolor (Linnaeus, 1771).

Infection site: intestine.

Localities: municipalities of Duque de Caxias,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Belém, State of Pará and

State of Amazonas (sensu lato).

References: Alessandrini (1905), Schwartz

(1927), Thatcher (1971), Noronha et al. (2008) and

Vieira et al. (2008).

HELIGMOSOMOIDEA

Avellaria Freitas & Lent, 1934

Emended diagnosis: Viannaiidae, Viannaiinae,

with didelphic female; synlophe with ventral ridges

strongly developed in anterior part of body, caudal

bursa of type 1-3-1 with large rays 4, straight

spicules with small and marked handle. Parasites of

Neotropical Agoutidae and Dasyproctidae. Type

species: Avellaria avellari Freitas & Lent, 1934.

(After Durette-Desset et al., 2006).

Another species: Avellaria intermedia Durette-

Desset, Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006

A. intermedia Durette-Desset, Gonçalves & Pinto,

2006 (Figs 4-6).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 4.0 long, 0.13 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.09

long, 0.04 wide. Synlophe with longitudinal

cuticular ridges, distributed in groups of 12, 16 and

17, close to the cephalic vesicle, esophagus-

intestine junction, and mid-body, respectively.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids 0.27, 0.32

and 0.33 from the anterior end, respectively.

Esophagus and spicules 0.42 and 0.29 long,

respectively. Gubernaculum absent. Caudal bursa

of the type 1-3-1.

Females: 4.9 long, 0.13 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.07

long, 0.04 wide. Synlophe as observed in males.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids 0.20, 0.29

and 0.31 from anterior end, respectively.

Esophagus 0.52 long. Vulva 1.3 from posterior

extremity. Ovejector and uterus 0.36 and 1.95 long,

respectively. Eggs 0.05 long, 0.03 wide. Tail

conical, 0.06 long, with round extremity. (Modified

and adapted from Durette-Desset et al., 2006).

141

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Host: Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: municipality of Barcelos, State of

Amazonas.

Reference: Durette-Desset et al. (2006).

Viannella trichospicula Durette - Desset,

Gonçalves & Pinto, 2006 (Viannaiidae)(Figs 7-11).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 2.4 long, 0.07 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.05

long, 0.02 wide. Synlophe with eleven

longitudinal, continuous cuticular ridges (4 dorsal,

7 ventral). Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids

0.13, 0.17 and 0.21 from the anterior end,

respectively. Esophagus and spicules 0.29 and 0.14

long, respectively. Gubernaculum absent. Caudal

bursa of the type 1-3-1.

Females: 2.9 long, 0.07 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.07

long, 0.025 wide. Synlophe with twelve

longitudinal, continuous cuticular ridges (5 dorsal,

7 ventral). Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids

0.18, 0.22 and 0.23 from the anterior end,

respectively. Esophagus 0.31 long. Vulva 0.22

from posterior end. Ovejector and uterus 0.10 and

0.44 long, respectively. Eggs 0.05 long, 0.03 wide.

Tail thin, with sharp point, 0.08 long. (Modified

and adapted from Durette-Desset et al., 2006).

Host: Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: municipality of Barcelos, State of

Amazonas.

Reference: Durette-Desset et al. (2006).

Guerrerostrongylus Sutton & Durette-Desset,

1991

Diagnosis: Heligmonellidae. Nippostrongylinae

worms with more than 8 mm long. Synlophe with at

least, 40 cuticular ridges; ridges unequal in length

on the anterior of the body and of equivalent size at

midbody; caudal bursa with rays 6 and dorsal lobe

showing hypertrophy. Genital cone not

hypertrophied. Tail of female not bent,

invaginable. Parasites of Cricetids and

Caviomorphs. Type species: Guerrerostrongylus

uruguayiensis Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991.

Another species: Guerrerostrongylus zeta

(Travassos, 1937) Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991

[= Longistriata zeta Travassos, 1937 =

Hassalstrongylus zeta* (Travassos, 1937) Durette

-Desset, 1971]. (Modified and adapted from Sutton

& Durette-Desset, 1991).

* This species although referred in the previous

catalogue of 1997, has recently been reported in

Brazil as Guerrerostrongylus zeta by Simões et al.

(2011) and, for this reason, is included here, with its

present generic diagnosis.

Guerrerostrongylus zeta (Travassos, 1937) Sutton

& Durette-Desset, 1991

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Site of infection: intestine.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain)

and vicinity, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

References: Sutton & Durette-Desset (1991) and

Simões et al. (2011).

Stilestrongylus lanfrediae Souza, Digiani, Simões,

Luque, Rodrigues-Silva & Maldonado Jr, 2009

(Heligmonellidae)(Figs 12-14).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 4.42 long, 0.1 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.05

long, 0.02 wide. Synlophe with longitudinal,

continuous cuticular ridges with the following

distribution: 23 at the level of esophagus-intestine

junction, 26 in mid-body, 23 anterior to caudal

bursa. Excretory pore, deirids and nerve ring 0.23,

0.21 and 0.13 from anterior end, respectively.

Esophagus and spicules 0.34 and 1.08-1.09 long,

respectively. Gubernaculum 0.02 in diameter.

Genital cone well developed 0.06 long, 0.05 wide.

Caudal bursa with the left lobe more developed

than the right, both of the type 2-2-1.

Females: 4.4 long, 0.12 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.06

long, 0.025 wide. Synlophe with longitudinal,

continuous cuticular ridges with the following

distribution: 25 at the level of esophagus-intestine

junction, 25 at mid-body, 25 anterior to vulvar

aperture. Excretory pore and nerve ring 0.24 and

0.13 from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus

0.35 long. Vulva 0.04 from posterior extremity.

Ovejector (vagina vera + vestibulum + sphincter +

infundibulum) and uterus 0.14 and 1.02 long,

respectively. Eggs 0.06 long, 0.03 wide. Tail 0.02

long. (Modified and adapted from Souza et al.,

2009a).

142

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

Reference: Souza et al. (2009a) and Simões et al.

(2011).

Trichofreitasia Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991

Diagnosis: Heligmononellidae. Body length over 8

mm. Synlophe: longitudinal articular ridges of

arête type, perpendicular to body surface except

anterior, where there is an oblique axis of

orientation. Male: bursa with large lateral lobes.

Spicules delicate. Genital cone not enlarged.

Female: cuticle inflated at level of ovejector.

Posterior end strongly curved ventrally. Parasites

of small intestine of South American Cricetidae

(Oryzomys flavescens). Type species:

Trichofreitasia lenti Sutton & Durette-Desset,

1991 (After Gibbons 2010).

Trichofreitasia lenti Sutton & Durette-Desset,

1991 (Figs 74-76).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 7.0 long, 0.20 wide at mid-region;

cephalic vesicle 0.06 long, 0.04 wide. Nerve ring,

excretory pore and deirids, 0.22, 0.37 and 0.39

from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus 0.41

long. Caudal bursa subsymmetrical of the 2-2-1

type, with hypertrophy of the lateral lobes. Spicules

filiformes, alate, 0.24 long with joined but not

fused extremities. Gubernaculum is triangle-like,

0.04 long, 0.37 wide at its base.

Females: body 13.4 long, 0.30 wide at mid-region;

cephalic vesicle 0.07 long, 0.04 wide. Nerve ring,

excretory pore and deirids, 0.29, 0.42 and 0.45

from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus 0.47

long. Monodelphic. Vulva at 0.14 from posterior

extremity. Vagina vera, vestibule, sphincter and

tube, 0.02, 0.19, 0.08 and 0.19 long, respectively.

Uterus 3.0 long. Eggs 0.07 long, 0.04 wide.

Posterior extremity strongly inflated at a distance

of 0.33 from the vulvar aperture. Tail 0.05 long

ventrally curved. (Modified and adapted from

Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991).

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

References: Sutton & Durette-Desset (1991),

Simões et al. (2011).

METASTRONGYLOIDEA

Angiostrongylus lenzii Souza, Simões, Thiengo,

Lima, Mota, Rodrigues-Silva, Lanfredi &

Maldonado, Jr., 2009 (Metastrongylidae)

(Figs 15-17).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 9.3-14.1 long, 0.2 wide. Esophagus

0.23 from anterior end. Caudal bursa, slightly

asymmetrical, type 2-3-1. Spicules with strongly

cuticularized sheath, thick, 0.35-0.39 long ending

in sharp tips, representing 2.8% of the body length.

Gubernaculum present. One pair of adcloacal

papillae.

Females: 22.1-25.9 long, 0.30-0.40 wide at

midbody. Esophagus 0.20-0.24 long. Excretory

pore and nerve ring 0.33-0.45 and 0.081-0.10 from

anterior end, respectively. Monodelphic. Vulva

anterior to anus, with prominent lips. Vulva and

anus 0.31-0.36 and 0.061-0.080 from caudal end,

respectively. Tail long, slightly ventrally curved.

Eggs 0.05-0.10 long, 0.030-0.050 wide. (Modified

and adapted from Souza et al., 2009b).

Host: Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913.

Site of infection: pulmonary artery.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

Reference: Souza et al. (2009b).

Stenurus Dujardin, 1845

Diagnosis: Pseudaliidae. Nematodes with buccal

cavity highly developed, with thick walls, perityls

present. Lateral lobes of caudal bursa united at the

posterior end of the body. Dorsal ray also highly

143

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

developed, with a terminal papilla, ventral ray

fused to form a pair of small appendages with

dilated or bifid tips. Lateral trunk-like structures

often trifid terminally, with an additional

digitiform papilla often present near the base.

Spicular shaft rudimentary, gubernaculums weakly

developed. Parasites of cranial sinuses of

Delphinidae, Procoenidae and Monodontidae.

Type species: Stenurus minor (Kühn, 1829)

Dujardin, 1845. (Modified and adapted from

Anderson, 1978).

Stenurus globicephalae Baylis & Daubney, 1925

(Figs 18-20).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 28.1-31.7 long, 0.32-0.42 wide.

Buccal capsule 0.025-0.040 wide in anterior and

0.055-0.075 in posterior part. Oral capsule +

esophagus 0.50-0.60 long. Nerve ring, deirids and

excretory pore, 0.16-0.20, 0.19-0.25 and 0.47-0.55

from anterior end, respectively. Caudal bursa not

distinctly lobed, consisting of five rays. Cuticle

considerably swollen in front of bursa, forming two

prominent globular alae. Spicules 0.11-0.13 long.

Gubernaculum 0.040-0.065 long.

Females: body 38.9-47.9 long, 0.56-0.66 wide.

Buccal capsule 0.040-0.065 in anterior and 0.075-

0.090 in posterior part. Oral capsule + esophagus

0.52-0.70 long. Nerve ring, deirids and excretory

pore, 0.17-0.25, 0.20-0.29 and 0.49-0.65 from

anterior end, respectively. Posterior end truncate,

with subterminal protuberances. Vulva 0.040-

0.075 from anus, sometimes with a spherical

cuticular swelling on anterior lip. Eggs 0.037-

0.055 long, 0.025-0.045 wide. Anus 0.040-0.075

from posterior end. (Modified and adapted from

Zylber et al., 2002).

Hosts: Peponocephala electra Gray, 1846,

Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846.

Site of infection: tympanic bullae.

Locality: northeastern coast of Brazil.

References: Zylber et al. (2002) and Carvalho et

al. (2010).

Halocercus (Posthalocercus) kleinenbergi

Delyamure, 1951 (Pseudalidae)

(Figs 34-39).

B r i e f m o r p h o m e t r i c d a t a :

Males: 61.9-108.1 long, 0.33-0.49 wide. Buccal

capsule 0.007-0.010 wide. Esophagus 0.14-0.25

long, 0.02-0.03 wide. Caudal end turning ventrally

and with a non lobate copulatory bursa with

rudimentary rays. Bursa oval 0.058-0.079 long,

0.10-0.14 wide, and provided with a pair of ventral

rays, a pair of lateral rays and one dorsal ray. In

front of bursa, there is a strong protuberance

standing across body. Base of protuberance 0.07-

0.10 long, in lateral view. Spicules curved, equal,

flagele-like, 0.74-0.85 long, 0.02 wide.

Gubernaculum well chitinized, serpentine,

forming 5-7 curves in its extent. Proximal end

wide, distal end pointed, 0.17-0.20 long, 0.01 wide.

Cloca 0.026-0.036 from posterior end.

Females: 193.0-293.0 long, 0.49-0.61 wide. Buccal

capsule 0.01 wide. Esophagus 0.16-0.20 long.

Vulva situated in front of anus, 0.076-0.087 from

caudal end and 0.045-0.064 from anus. Eggs 0.053-

0.060 long, 0.038-0.041 wide. (Modified and

adapted from Delyamure, 1951).

Host: Sotalia guianensis van Bènéden, 1864.

Site of infection: lungs.

Locality: northeastern coast of Brazil.

References: Delyamure (1951) and Carvalho et al.

(2010),

HELIGMOSOIDEA

Longistriata myopotami Petrov & Sadykov, 1969

(Heligmosomidae)

(Fig. 21).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 3.5-5.4 long, 0.16-0.20 wide. Cephalic

vesicle 0.05-0.08 long, 0.03-0.04 wide. Esophagus

0.32-0.43 long. Caudal bursa tri-lobed,

asymmetrical 0.28-0.32 wide. Spicules 0.18-0.19

long.

Females: 3.8-6.9 long, 0.20-0.26 wide. Cephalic

vesicle 0.08 long, 0.04-0.05 wide. Esophagus 0.38-

0.48 long. Vulvar opening in the posterior portion

of the body, 009- 0.12 from tail tip; tail 0.05-0.06

long. Eggs 0.06-0.08 long, 0.03 wide. (Modified

and adapted from Ryzhikov et al., 1979).

Host: Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: municipality of Rio Grande, State of Rio

Grande do Sul.

References: Petrov & Sadykov (1959), Ryzhikov

et al. (1979), Paulsen & Brum (1999).

144

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Freitastrongylus Gonçalves, Pinto & Durette-

Desset, 2007

Diagnosis: Heligmonellidae, Pudicinae. Synlophe

with carene poorly developed in relation to other

ridges, 4 dorsal, 6 ventral continuous ridges at mid-

body. Caudal bursa of type 1-4. Dorsal ray well

developed divided mid-way. Rays 9 shorter than

rays 10, arising proximally to the middle region of

dorsal ray. Female monodelphic. Parasites of

Dasyproctidae. Type species: Freitastrongylus

angelae Gonçalves, Pinto & Durette-Desset, 2007.

F. angelae Gonçalves, Pinto & Durette-Desset,

2007 (Figs 22-26).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 7.7 long, 0.13 wide. Cephalic vesicle 0.08

long, 0.04 wide. Six cuticular longitudinal ridges.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids, 0.27, 0.35

and 0.53 from anterior end, respectively.

Esophagus and spicules 0.56 and 0.72 long,

respectively. Genital cone 0.21 long, 0.03 wide.

Gubernaculum absent. Caudal bursa almost

symmetrical, with dorsal lobe well developed.

Females: 10.8 long, 0.15 wide. Cephalic vesicle

0.08 long, 0.04 wide. Six rows of longitudinal

cuticular ridges. Nerve ring, excretory pore and

deirids, 0.24, 0.34 and 0.55 from anterior

extremity, respectively. Esophagus 0.57 long.

Vulvar aperture 0.17 from anterior end. Ovejector

and uterus 0.15 and 1.98 long, respectively. Eggs

0.07 long, 0.04 wide. Tail conical, 0.06 long, bent

dorsally. (Modified and adapted from Gonçalves et

al., 2007).

Hosts: Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) and

Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832.

Site of infection: stomach.

Locality: municipality of Barcelos, State of

Amazonas.

Reference: Gonçalves et al. (2007).

Hadrostrongylus Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007

Diagnosis: Molinaeidae, Anoplostrongylinae.

Non-spiral nematodes. Cuticle with evident

longitudinal striations, especially on the ventral

surface. Cephalic dilatation finely striated. Simple

oral opening, with slight evidence of lips, but

without capsule or buccal ring. Cervical papillae

absent. Didelphic,amphidelphic females, with

tendency to prodelphy, and with the vulvar opening

located on the last third of the body. Male with

ample, trilobed copulatory bursa, type 2-1-2.

Genital cone well developed, with distinct

accessory membrane. Synlophe with ventral-

dorsal orientation. Type species: Hadrostrongylus

speciosum Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007.

H. speciosum Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007 (Figs.

27-30).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 3.88-5.29 long, 0.05-0.08 wide. Cephalic

dilatation 0.06-0.09 wide. Synlophe formed by

four ventral ridges, with ventral-dorsal orientation

extending along the body. Nerve ring and

excretory pore, 0.15-0.19 and 0.36-0.43 from

anterior end, respectively. Esophagus 0.15-0.34

long. Spicules unequal, the left 0.20-0.23, the right

0.16-0.18 long. Gubernaculum 0.12-0.17 long.

Genital cone large and well developed. Caudal

bursa type 2-1-2, broad, trilobed.

Females: 4.70-6.47 long, 0.07-0.12 wide. Cephalic

dilatation 0.06-0.08 wide. Nerve ring and excretory

pore 0.12-0.22 and 0.27-0.40 from anterior end,

respectively. Ovejector 0.19-0.29 long. Vulvar

opening and anus 0.96-1.18 and 0.08-0.11 from tail

end, respectively. Terminal spine 0.009-0.01 long.

Eggs 0.04-0.06 long, 0.03-0.04 wide. (Modified

and adapted from Hoppe & Nascimento, 2007).

Host: Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758.

Sites of infection: mucosa and lumen of the cecum

and colon.

Locality: municipality of Aquidauana, State of

Mato Grosso de Sul.

Reference: Hoppe & Nascimento (2007).

Moennigia littlei Durette-Desset, 1970

(Molineidae) (Figs 31-33).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 2.2 long, 0.04 wide at mid-body. Synlophe

formed by 14 longitudinal cuticular ridges; cross

sections show 5 dorsal ridges, 2 ridges (1 right, 1

145

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

left) that are more developed and 7 ventral ridges.

Cephalic vesicle 0.02 in diameter. Nerve ring,

excretory pore and deirids at 0.16, 0.18 and 0.18

from anterior end, respectively. Muscular

esophagus 0.09 long, glandular esophagus 0.21.

Spicules complex, 0.09 long. Gubernaculum 0.05

long, genital cone well developed. Caudal bursa

sub symmetrical.

Females: 2.7 long, 0.05 wide at mid-body.

Synlophe as described for the males. Cephalic

vesicle 0.03 in diameter. Nerve ring, excretory pore

and deirids at 0.17, 0.22

and 0.22 from anterior end, respectively. Muscular

esophagus 0.10 long, glandular esophagus 0.20.

Vulva 0.45 from posterior end. Tail, thin, pointed,

0.10 long. (Modified and adapted from Durette-

Desset, 1970).

Site of infection: small intestine.

Host: Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758.

Locality: municipality of Aquidauana, State of

Mato Grosso de Sul.

References: Durette-Desset (1970) and Hoppe &

Nascimento (2007).

Cheiropteronema Sandground, 1929

Diagnosis: Molineidae. Long filiform nematodes

with finely striated cuticle. Buccal cavity very

shallow and without an obvious cuticularized

capsule. Esophagus without posterior swelling.

Caudal bursa narrow, consisting of two lateral

lobes and supported by well-developed rays of

reduced number. (Modified and adapted from

Sandground, 1929).

Cheiropteronema globocephala Sandground, 1929

(Figs 77-79).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 14.00-19.40 long, 0.4 wide at mid-

region. Esophagus 0.42-0.50 long. Caudal bursa

formed by two lateral lobes, supported

by six short rays. Dorsal ray undivided and slender.

Postero-lateral ray widely separated from median

and externo-lateral rays which are joined. Ventro-

ventral and latero-ventral rays equal and parallel.

Genital cone prominent projecting into the caudal

bursa. Spicules equal, 0.36-0.41 long.

Gubernaculum slender, 0.035 long.

Females: body 22.5 long, 0.41 wide. Esophagus

0.54 long. Anus 0.10 from caudal extremity. Tail

blunty rounded bearing two subdorsal and one

ventral rounded mucrones and a short, fine median

hair-like process. Vulva dividing body in

proportions of 55:44. Eggs 0.10-0.11 long, 0.06-

0.073 wide. (Modified and adapted from

Sandground, 1929, Chitwood, 1938).

Host: Antibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823).

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor

(Divisor Mountain National Park), State of

Amazonas.

References: Sandground (1929), Chitwood

(1938), Durette-Desset & Tchéprakoff (1977),

Durette-Desset & Vaucher (1988) and Nogueira et

al. (2004).

OXYUROIDEA

Dentostomella Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932

Diagnosis: Heteroxynematidae,

Heteroxynematinae. Cuticle transversely striated,

without cephalic vesicle or lateral flanges. Two

pairs of submedian head papillae. Lips absent.

Buccal cavity moderately large; esophagus short,

thick, armed at its anterior with small pointed teeth,

5 on each of its tripartite wall, with postequatorial

constriction at nerve ring. Male: tail tapering to a

sharp point, provided around the cloacal aperture

with a cuticular swelling which is broadest and

thickest in front of the cloaca and extends

backward, diminishing gradually, in form of paired

lateral ridges, to beyond the posterior postcloacal

papillae. On the precloacal ventral surface of this

vesicle the cuticle is divided into numerous small

plates in pavement-like pattern. Four pairs of

caudal papillae: 1 large adcloacal pair, 1 pair on

146

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

postcloacal protuberance, flanked by 1 pair of

laterals and 1 pair asymmetrically arranged at

about middle of tail. Spicule single, with a median

incision at its blunt tip. Female: tail conical,

pointed; vulva in anterior half of body, ovejector

forming a conspicuous egg reservoir; eggs large,

elongate, asymmetrical. Parasitic in the intestine of

rodents. Type species. Dentostomella translucida

Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932. (Adapted and

modified from Yamaguti, 1961; Pilitt & Wightman,

1979).

D. translucida Schulz & Krepkorgorskaya, 1932

(Figs 40-42).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 13.4 long, 0.28 wide. Lips absent.

Esophagus 0.30 long. Nerve ring 0.16 from

anterior extremity. Caudal alae wide, strong, with

plakelike markings on the vental surface. Spicule

single, 0.30 long. Four pairs of caudal papillae: 1

par ad-cloacal, 1 pair on the protuberance just after

the cloaca, followed by two other pairs. Cloacal

aperture 0.34 from posterior extremity.

Females: 21.8 long, 0.48 wide. Esophagus 0.32

long. Nerve ring and vulva 0.22 and 11.48 from

anterior end, respectively. Eggs 0.10 long, 0.03

wide. Rectum with strongly muscular walls. Anus

0.70 from posterior extremity. (Modified and

adapted from Pinto et al., 2003).

Host: Meriones unguiculatus (Milne-Edwards,

1867).

Site of infection: anterior portion of the small

intestine.

Localities: pet shops in the municipalities of Rio de

Janeiro (maintenance), and Magé (source), State of

Rio de Janeiro.

References: Pilitt & Wightman (1979) and Pinto et

al. (2003).

Gracilioxyuris Feijó, Torres, Maldonado Jr &

Lanfredi, 2008

Diagnosis:

General: Oxyuridae. Anterior end dome shaped,

mouth opening apically surrounded by 3 distinc

lips, 4 submedian labial papillae, and 2 amphids.

Cephalic vesicle weakly developed. Lateral alae

well developed, composed by 2 longitudinal crests.

Male: area rugosa as a ventral keellike

elevation with transverse striations. Four pairs of

caudal papillae, first and second pair adcloacal,

third pair minute, just posterior to clocal aperture,

last pair at caudal end. Phasmids dorsally located.

Gubernaculum present. No tail tip. Female:

excretory pore and vulva closely located in first

third of body. Thick muscular vagina and genital

tract didelphic. Eggs oval, operculated, with ridges

and unembryonated. Type species: Gracilioxyuris

agilisis Feijó, Torres, Maldonado Jr & Lanfredi,

2008

G. agilisis Feijó, Torres, Maldonado Jr & Lanfredi,

2008 (Figs 43, 44).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 0.99-1.12 long, 0.12-0.16 wide at mid-

body. Esophagus with bulb 0.23-0.29 long. Nerve

ring, excretory pore and area rugosa 0.060-0.079,

0.18-0.24 and 0.40-0.68 from anterior end,

respectively. Area rugosa at mid-body, a keellike

elevation with coarse transverse striations, ending

just anterior to cloaca. Four pairs of caudal papillae,

2 pairs adcloacal and 2 pairs postcloacal. Tail

0.041-0.062 long. Spicule straight, sharp pointed,

0.078-0.10 long. Gubernaculum present. Vestigial

caudal appendix dorsally located.

Females: body 2.82-4.56 long, 0.23-0.35 wide at

mid-body. Esophagus with bulb, 0.34-0.45 long.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and vulva 0.076-0.11,

0.36-0.68 and 0.38-0.77 from anterior end,

respectively. Genital tract didelphic. Anus as a

transversal slit at posterior end. Tail conical, 0.48-

0.69 long. Eggs oval, operculated, 0.084-0.096

long, 0.028-0.034 wide, shell surface finely

granulated, with 3 smooth longitudinal ridges.

(Modified and adapted from Feijó et al., 2008).

Host: Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854).

Site of infection: cecum.

Localities: Nhumirim farm, Pantanal

Matogrossense (wetlands of the State of Mato

Grosso), Rio Negro farm, Nhecolândia subregion,

State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Reference: Feijó et al. (2008).

Syphacia carlitosi Robles & Navone, 2007

(Oxyuridae)(Figs 80-81).

Brief morphometric data:

147

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Males: body 0.9-1.5 long, 0.08-0.18 wide. Nerve

ring, and excretory pore, 0.06-0.10 and 0.30-030

from anterior end, respectively. Deirids, cervical

and lateral alae absent. Total esophagus 0.12-0.31

long. Diameter of esophageal bulb 0.039-0.093.

Anterior, median and posterior mamelons, 0.031-

0.075, 0.030-0.087 and 0.031-0.12 long,

respectively. Distance of anterior, median and

posterior mamelons from anterior extremity, 0.30-

0.54, 0.44-0.72 and 0.56-1.20, respectively.

Spicule 0.060-0.085 long. Gubernaculum 0.03-

0.04 long.

Females: body 4.20-7.67 long, 0.17-0.35 wide.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and cervical alae, 0.08-

0.18, 0.34-0.68 and 0.025-0.040 from anterior end,

respectively. Deirids and lateral alae absent. Total

esophagus 0.36-0.55 long. Diameter of esophageal

bulb 0.090-0.18. Distance of vulva from anterior

extremity 0.65-1.20. Tail 0.70-1.25 long. Eggs

0.07-0.10 long, 0.020-0.037 wide. (Modified and

adapted from Robles & Navone, 2007a).

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

References: Robles & Navone (2007a) and Simões

et al. (2011).

Syphacia kinsellai Robles & Navone, 2007

(Figs 82-83).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: Body 1.29 long, 0.22 wide. Deirids and

lateral alae absent. Total esophagus and esophageal

bulb, 0.29 and 0.08 long, respectively. Nerve ring

and excretory pore, 0.12 and 0.40 from anterior

end, respectively. Three characteristic equidistant

ventral mamelons. Anterior mamelon protruded

0.062 long, median and posterior mamelons 0.075

and 0.087 long, respectively. Spicule and

gubernaculum 0.11 and 0.05 long, respectively.

Tail 0.14 long. Three pairs of pedunculate papillae:

01 pair precloacal, 01 pair adcloacal and 01 pair

postcloacal.

Females: Body 3.61 long, 0.26 wide. Deirids

present, lateral ale absent. Total esophagus and

esophageal bulb, 0.46 and 0.12 long, respectively.

Nerve ring, excretory pore and vulva at 0.15, 0.62

and 0.81 from anterior end, respectively. Vulva is

not prominent. Eggs 0.087 long, 0.041 wide.

(Modified and adapted from Robles & Navone,

2007b).

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

References: Robles & Navone (2007b) and

Simões et al. (2011).

Syphacia mesocriceti Quentin, 1971 (Figs 45-47)

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 1.3 long, 0.08 wide, with 3 prominent

cuticular “mamelons” on the ventral surface of

posterior portion. Esophagus with bulb, 0.19 long.

Nerve ring and excretory pore 0.08 and 0.30 from

the anterior end, respectively. Spicule single, 0.05

long with a hook-like process at the distal end.

Gubernaculum present. Three pairs of caudal

papillae. Cloaca 0.14 from posterior extremity.

Females: 4.5 long, largura 0.16 wide. Esophagus

with bulb, 0.34 long. Nerve ring, excretory pore

and vulva 0.13, 0.52 and 0.13 from anterior end,

respectively. Eggs 0.13 long, 0.04 wide. Anus 0.36

from posterior extremity. (Modified and adapted

from Pinto et al, 2001).

Host: Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839).

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: pet shops in Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio

de Janeiro.

References: Dick et al. (1973) and Pinto et al.

(2001).

ASCARIDOIDEA

Diagnosis: Anisakidae. Three lips each bearing a

bilobed anterior projection which carries the single

148

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

dentigerous ridge; interlabia absent. Excretory

gland with duct opening between ventro lateral

lips; esophagus with anterior muscular portion and

posterior ventriculus, the latter being oblong and

sometimes sigmoid or else as broad as long. No

esophageal appendix or intestinal cecum; vulva in

middle or first third of body. Spicules unequal.

Precloacal papillae numerous; postcloacal papillae

including a group of three or four pairs set close to

the tip of the tail on the ventral side. Parasites in the

stomach and intestine of marine mammals. Type

species: Anisakis dussumieri (van Beneden, 1870),

species inquirenda. Genotype: Anisakis simplex

(Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabe, 1878). (After Davey,

1971).

Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 192 (Figs 48-50).

Brief morphometric data:

General: the spicules of the male are quite tiny,

being less than 0.4 mm. in length. The difference in

length between left and right spicules is

comparatively slight, the ratio being about 1 : 1-12,

but the consistent and marked difference in spicule

size between this species and A. simplex (lowest

ratio 1 : 1-17) hardly allows of any confusion

between these two and still less with A. typica.

The postcloacal papillae consist of 4 pairs of

papillae near the tip of the tail but only one or two

pairs of papillae, which may be double, close

behind the cloaca. The form of the ventriculus is

also markedly different being short and never

sigmoid. It has the same sphincter-like

arrangement at the junction with the oesophagus

but the remaining thin walled part is much shorter.

The whole ventriculus may be broader than it is

long. The vulva opens in the first third of the body.

There is the presence of three rows of tiny

denticulations immediately behind the anus.

Males: body 24.90 long, 0.51 wide. Lips 0.09 long.

Anterior esophagus 2.38 long, posterior

ventriculus 0.35 long. Nerve ring 0.42 from

anterior end. Spicules 0.26 long. Caudal papillae

about 33 pairs in number: 25 precloacal, 3

adcloacal, 5 postcloacal.

Females: vulva 8.6 from anterior end. A single egg

is 0.09 long, 0.06 wide. (Modified and adapted

from Davey, 1971, Santos & Lodi, 1998).

Hosts: Kogia breviceps (De Blainvillei, 1838),

Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 and Sotalia

guianensis (van Bènéden, 1864).

Site of infection: stomach.

Localities: Praia Cacimba do Padre (Cacimba do

Padre Beach) Arquipélago de Fernando de

Noronha (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago),

State of Pernambuco, municipality of Arraial do

Cabo, State of Rio de Janeiro and Brazilian Atlantic

Coast (lato sensu).

References: Davey (1971), Santos & Lodi (1998),

Iñiguez et al. (2009), Muniz-Pereira et al. (1999)

and Luque et al. (2010).

Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1808) Dujardin, 1845

(Figs 51-53).

Brief morphometric data:

General: dorsal lip is distinguished by a broader

basal portion as contrasted with the rounded base of

each ventrolateral lip. Each lip has a bilobed

anterior projection which bears the dentigerous

ridge on the inner surface. The base of the dorsal lip

has two double papillae, one at each corner, while

each ventro-lateral lip, has one papilla. The

ventriculus is often, but not invariably, sigmoid.

The junction of esophagus and ventriculus suggests

a sphincter-like arrangement, beyond which the

ventriculus is a thin walled tube that connects

obliquely with the intestine.

Males: right spicule 1.25-2.35 long, left spicule

1.75-3.75, in a ratio of 1:1.17. Precloacal papillae

numerous, postcloacal consisting of a group of 4

pairs near the tip of the tail, separated by a gap from

a variable number, usually 2 or 4 pairs of papillae

just behind the cloaca.

Females: the vulva is always close to mid-body.

(Modified and adapted from Davey, 1971).

Hosts: Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874, Phocoena

dioptrica Lahille, 1912 and Pseudorca crassidens

Owen, 1845.

Site of infection: stomach.

Localities: Littoral of the States of São Paulo and

Rio Grande do Sul.

References: Davey (1971) and Luque et al. (2010).

Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860) (Figs 54-56).

Brief morphometric data:

General: body widened more immediately behind

149

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

the lips, making the lips look smaller in proportion

to the body Anterior bilobed projection of the

dorsal lip is more pinched off from the basal

portion. Ventriculus sigmoid.

Males: right spicule 0.70-1.50 long, left spicule

2.20-3.90, in a ratio of 1:3. Precloacal papillae

numerous. Postcloacal papillae 3 pairs near the tip

of the tail and a rather variable number, between 5

and 8 pairs, of small papillae close to the cloaca.

Females: vulva at mid-body. (Modified and

adapted from Davey, 1971).

Hosts: Kogia breviceps (De Blainvillei, 1838),

Globicephala macrorhynchus (Gray, 1846),

Peponocephala electra (Gray, 1846), Pontoporia

blainvillei (Gervais & D'Orbigny, 1844), Sotalia

fluviatilis (Gervais, 1853), Sotalia guianensis (van

Bènéden, 1864), Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen,

1833), Stenella clymene (Gray, 1846), Stenella

longirostris (Gray, 1828) and Steno bredanensis

(Lesson, 1828).

Site of infection: stomach.

Localities: south, southeastern and northeastern

Atlantic coast of Brazil.

References: Davey (1971), Santos, et al. (1996),

Iñiguez et al. (2009), Motta et al. (2008), Muniz-

Pereira et al. (2009), Carvalho et al. (2010), Luque

et al. (2010) and Iñiguez et al. (2011).

Anisakis sp.

Hosts: Grampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812), Kogia

breviceps (De Blainvillei, 1838), Kogia sima

Owen, 1886, Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956,

Peponocephala electra (Gray, 1846), Physeter

macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Sotalia guianensis

(van Bènéden, 1864), Stenella clymene (Gray,

1850), Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833),

Stenella frontalis (Cuvier, 1829), Stenella

longirostris (Gray, 1828), Steno bredanensis

(Lesson, 1828) and Tursiops truncatus (Montagu,

1821).

Sites of infection: stomach and intestine.

Localities: Littoral of the States of Bahia, Ceará,

Paraná, São Paulo and northeastern coast of Brazil

(sensu lato).

References: Motta et al. (2008), Carvalho et al.

(2010) and Luque et al. (2010).

Ascaris elongata Rudolphi, 1819* (Ascarididae)

(species inquirenda)

Host: Alouatta belzebul ululata Elliot, 1912.

Locality: Brazil.

*Although this species has recently been referred

by Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Sprent (1968)

reports: “…..The inadequacy of the descriptions of

the following species recovered from Primates

prevents their inclusion in the genus Ascaris:

elongata Rudolphi, 1819, p. 650… According to G.

Hartwich (personal communication) the type

material of A. elongata in the Berlin Zoological

Museum was lost during the Second World War,

1939-45”.

Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912

Diagnosis: Anisakidae. Lips without denticulate

margins. Interlabia well developed. Ventriculus

reduced, with a enlarged posterior appendix.

Intestinal cecum present. Males without defined

caudal alae, with numerous precloacal papillae.

Postcloacal papillae more than seven pairs,

partially subventral and lateral. Spicules long,

alate, equal or subequal. Gubernaculum absent.

Vulva in the anterior portion of the body.

Oviparous. Parasites of fishes, birds and

piscivorous mammals. Type species:

Contracaecum (Contracaecum) spiculigerum

(Rudolphi, 1819) Railliet & Henry, 1912.

(Modified and adapted from Vicente et al., 1993).

Contracaecum sp.

Host: Sotalia guianensis (van Bènéden, 1864).

Site of infection: stomach.

Locality: Littoral of the State of Espírito Santo.

Reference: Luque et al. (2010).

Pseudoterranova Mozgovoy, 1951

Diagnosis: Anisakidae. Anisakinae. Lips weakly

dilated anteriorly, with ridged margins, interlabia

absent. Excretory pore near the base of the

subventral lips. Excretory gland ventrally located

extending downwards without reaching the

intestine level. Ventricular appendix absent,

intestinal cecum present. Males with subequal

spicules, three postcloacal dentigerous ridges.

Females with vulva located in the anterior third of

the body. Parasites of marine mammals. Type

species Pseudoterranova kogiae (Johnston &

Mawson, 1939) Gibson, 1983 (Modified and

adapted from Tavares & Luque, 2006).

150

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Pseudoterranova sp.

Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis (Lesson, 1828),

Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and

Kogia breviceps (De Blainvillei, 1838).

Site of infection: stomach.

Locality: Praia Cacimba do Padre (Cacimba do

Padre Beach), Arquipélago de Fernando de

Noronha (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago),

State of Pernambuco.

References: Santos & Lodi (1998), Tavares &

Luque (2006), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009) and

Luque et al. (2010).

PHYSALOPTEROIDEA

Physaloptera herthameyrae Torres, Maldonado Jr,

Lanfredi, 2009 (Physalopteridae) (Figs 57, 58).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 18.6-35.2 long, 0.71-0.97 wide.

Muscular esophagus 0.54-0.81 long, glandular

esophagus 3.19-7.05. Nerve ring, deirids and

excretory pore, 0.40-0.57, 0.39-0.65 and 0.76-0.95

from anterior end, respectively. Posterior of body

bent ventrally. Ventral surface with three different

cuticular patterns. Distribution of caudal papillae:

2 pairs of pedunculate precloacal papillae, 7 sessile

small papillae surrounding the cloacal aperture, 2

pairs of pedunculate adcloacal papillae, 2 pairs

anterior to the phasmids, followed by 1 pair of

posterior papillae. Spicules unequal, the left 0.37-

0.42, the right 0.31-0.37 long. Cloaca 0.73-0.75

from posterior end.

Females: 26.5-41.5 long, 0.92-1.32 wide.

Muscular esophagus 0.75-0.99 long, glandular

esophagus 4.0-8.2. Nerve ring, deirids and

excretory pore, 0.47-0.68, 0.86-1,1 and 0.90-1.2

from anterior end, respectively. Vulva 5.71-10.1

from anterior extremity. Eggs 0.04 long, 0.03 wide.

Anus 0.37-0.66 from posterior extremity.

(Modified and adapted from Torres et al., 2009).

Host: Gracilinanus agilis Burmeister, 1854.

Site of infection: stomach.

Locality: Fazenda Alegria (Alegria farm), Pantanal

(Pantanal wetlands) and State of Mato Grosso do

Sul.

Reference: Torres et al. (2009).

RICTULARIOIDEA

Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata

Hoppe, Lima, Tebaldi & Nascimento, 2010

(Rictulariidae)

(Figs 84-88).

Brief morphometric data.

Males: body 8.77 long, 0.25 wide. Buccal capsule

0.033 long, 0.032 wide. Muscular esophagus 0.37

long, glandular 2.086. Nerve ring 0.16 from

anterior end. . The subventral rows of cuticular

plates are composed of 105-114 blade-like

projections, hiding the excretory pore opening. The

posterior extremity of body is mildly coiled,

ventrally grooved, with 02 pairs of precloacal

papillae, 01 pair of ad-cloacal, 06 pairs of post

cloacal plus 01 pair at the tip of the tail. Numerous

rounded verruciform cuticular thickenings

surround the cloacal aperture. Anterior to the

caudal alae there are 8-9 semicircular striated plate-

like projections lying between the ventral-lateral

cuticular rows. Spcules equal and similar 0.25 long.

Gubernaculum absent.

Females: body 15.77 long, 0.29 wide. Buccal

capsule 0.038 long, 0.028 wide. Muscular

esophagus 0.38 long, glandular 2.53. Nerve ring

0.19 from anterior end. The subventral rows of

cuticular plates are composed of 116-150 blade-

like projections, hiding the excretory pore opening.

Forty-eight to 60 of these projections are anterior to

the pre-equatorial vulvar aperture, 0.40 from the

esophageal-inestinal junction. The peri-vulvar

cuticular projections are less developed. Eggs

0.038 long, 0.028 wide. Strongly tapered tail, with

terminal spine and anal opening 0.19 from tail tip.

The anal cuticular projections are small, with

spine-like aspect. (Modified and adapted from

Hoppe et al, 2010).

Host: Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766).

Site of infection: small intestine.

Locality: Municipality of Patos, State of Paraíba.

Reference: Hoppe et al. (2010).

HABRONEMATOIDEA

Parabronema pecariae Ivaschkin, 1960

(Habronematidae) (Figs 59-61)

151

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Brief morphometric data:

General: The cuticle of the head is thick and folded

forming a circlet of six horseshoe-shaped auricular

appendages, of which two are lateral and two are

subventral.

Males: body 7.99-8.75 long, 0.08-0.12 wide.

Buccal cavity 0.09-0.10 long. Anterior portion of

esophagus 0.12-0.16, posterior 1.12-1.26 long.

Nerve ring 0.13-0.18 from anterior extremity. Tail

coiled ventrally, lateral alae near the posterior

extremity. The spicules are markedly unequal, the

left slender 0.85-0.91 long, and the right stouter

0.27-0.28 long. Gubernaculum somewhat

triangular, 0.03-0.04 long. Six pairs of pedunculate

caudal papillae and one pair sessile: 4 pairs are

precloacal and 3 postcloscsl. Cloacal aperture 0.14

from the posterior end.

Females: body 14.28-22.78 long, 0.10-0.15 wide.

Buccal cavity 0.09-0.14 long. Anterior portion of

esophagus 0.16-0.22, posterior 1.26-1.40. Nerve

ring and vulva 0.19-0.22 and 3.43-4.90 from

anterior end, respectively. Tail short, conically

pointed or blunt and characteristically curved

towards the dorsal side. Eggs elongate, 0.032-

0.036 long, 0.007-0.010 wide. Anal aperture 0.13-

0.16 from posterior end. (Modified and adapted

from Vicente et al. 2000).

Hosts: Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758), Tayassu

pecari (Link, 1795).

Sites of infection: intestine, stomach.

Localities: municipalities of Belém and Cachoeira,

State of Pará, Estrela, State of Rio de Janeiro and

Salobra, State of Mato Grosso.

Reference: Vicente et al. (2000).

THELAZIOIDEA

Thelazia californiensis Price, 1930 (Thelaziidae)

(Figs 62-64).

Brief morphometric data:

Male: body 7.65 long, 0.25 wide. Oral aperture

simple, surrounded by six small and inconspicuous

papillae. Buccal capsule 0.04 long, 0.02 wide.

Esophagus 0.38 long. Nerve ring 0.23 from

anterior extremity. Left spicule slender, 2.01 long.

Right spicule stout, 0.16 long. Gubernaculum 0.02

long, easily overlooked. Cloacal aperture 0.09

from posterior end. (Modified and adapted from

Pinto et al. 1998).

Host: Mazama gouazoupira (Fisher, 1814)

Site of infection: surface of the eye ball.

Locality: municipality of Tapajós, State of Pará.

Reference: Pinto et al. (1998).

FILARIOIDEA

Litomosoides chagasfilhoi Morais Neto, Lanfredi,

Souza, 1997 (Onchocercidae)

(Figs 65-69).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 21.9-30.0 long, 0.14-0.15 wide. The

buccal capsule is 0.01-0.02 in height, 0.003-0.004

wide. Esophagus 0.51-0.58 long. Tail 0.14-0.18

long, wingless. Left spicule 0.29-0.31 long, the

right 0.81-0.94. Left spicule is featured by a handle

longer than the blade, with a chitinized spindle. The

posterior of the body presents four coils and shows

one pair of adcloacal papillae, four to six pairs of

postcloacal and one single papilla near the end of

the tail. The cloacal opening and the area rugosa,

with bands of discoid cuticular prominences are

ventrally located.

Females: body 86.9-95.0 long, 0.30-0.34 wide. The

buccal capsule is 0.01-0.02 in height, 0.003-0.004

wide. Esophagus 0.60-0.77 long. Tail 0.37-0.60

long, with two phasmids at the tip. Vulva 1.3-2.25

from anterior end. Viviparous. (Modified and

adapted from Moraes Neto et al., 1997).

Host: Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887).

Site of infection: abdominal cavity.

Locality: District of Catimbau Grande,

municipality of Rio Bonito, State of Rio de Janeiro.

References: Moraes Neto et al. (1997) and Moraes

Neto et al. (2001).

Litomosoides odilae Notarnicola & Navone, 2002

(Figs 89-92).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: posterior region coiled through 4 loops. Left

152

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

spicule with blade shorter than handle, blade with

cuticularized axis. Right spicule heavily

cuticularized, dorsal heel with terminal cap.

Cloacal aperture strongly protruded with 4 pairs of

conspicuous postcloacal papillae, symmetrically

placed. Area rugosa composed of transverse ridges

of small longitudinal crests, generally extending

through the coiled portion. Body 17.42 long, 0.14

wide; buccal capsule 0.02 long, external diameter

0.007; nerve ring 0.24 from apex; esophagus 0.43

long, left and right spicules 0.24 and 0.11 long,

respectively. Area rugosa 2.04 long, beginning at

3.6 from tip of the tail.

Females: anterior region robust. Vulva is posterior

to esophago-intestinal junction, vagina globular.

Ovejector coiled. Tail slightly curved ventrally,

with parallel or divergent phasmids. (Modified and

adapted from Notarnicola & Navone, 2002).

Hosts: Akodon cursor Winge, 1887, Akodon

montensis (Thomas, 1913) and Oligoryzomys

nigripes Olfers, 1818.

Locality: Serra dos Órgãos (Órgãos Mountain),

municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de

Janeiro.

References: Notarnicola & Navone (2002) and

Simões et al. (2011).

Molinema nattereri Guerrero & Bain, 2001

(Onchocercidae) (Figs 70-73).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: 32.6-33.4 long, 0.17-0.18 wide at mid-

body. Buccal capsule 0.009 long, 0.016 wide.

Muscular esophagus 0.38-0.42 long; glandular

esophagus 0.88-1.38. Nerve ring 0.23-0.26 from

anterior end. Tail 0.28-0.34 long. Caudal papillae:

3 pairs of pre-cloacal and 1 median papilla, 6 pairs

of post-cloacal and 2 pairs of sub terminal papillae.

Rugose area 3.4-4.0 long, distance of cuticular

rows 0.02. Left spicule 0.26 long, right spicule

0.11, in a ratio of 1: 2.32.

Females: measurements of 2 anterior and 2

posterior portions: anterior 34.0 and 12.0, posterior

15.0 and 5.5. Buccal capsule 0.006-0.01 long, 0.01

wide. Muscular esophagus 0.35-0.36 long;

glandular esophagus 0.90-1.12. Nerve ring 0.18

from anterior end. Vulva at the esophageal region,

0.40-0.45 from anterior extremity. Ovejector 2.8

long. Tail slender, bent ventrally, 0.25-0.27 long.

(Modified and adapted from Guerrero & Bain,

2001).

Host: Echimys (?) didelphoides Desmarest, 1817.

Site of infection: abdominal cavity.

Locality: State of Mato Grosso (sensu lato).

Reference: Guerrero & Bain (2001).

Brief morphometric data:

Males: Total length 12.5-16.7. Esophageal region

8.50-10.7; thick portion of body 4.0-5.9. Width of

head 0.018-0.021; of mid-esophageal region

0.084-0.11; at junction of esophagus and intestine

0.140-0.182; of rear body 0.21-0.28. Spicule 0.90-

1.22 long. Spicular sheath extending 0.098- 0.15 to

the end of body, covered with small spines. Cloaca

1.28-1.60 long.

Females: Total length 13.3-20.1. Esophageal

region 8.50-13.7; thick portion of body 4.8-6.4.

Width of head 0.012-0.015; of mid-esophageal

region 0.099-0.10; bacillary band absent. Vulva

muscular, non salient, smooth, 0.074-0.4 from

intestinal-esophageal junction. Vagina + ovejector

0.63-0.84 long. Eggs 0.062-0.069 long, 0.030

wide, excluding opercula 0.045-0.054 long.

Rectum 0.15-0.17 from subterminal anus.

(Modified and adapted from Babero, 1960).

Host: Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840).

Site of infection: intestine.

Locality: Neighborhood of Pampulha,

municipality of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas

Gerais.

References: Babero (1960) and Silva & Costa

(1999).

Trichuris opaca Barker & Noyes, 1915 (Figs 93).

TRICHINELLOIDEA

Trichuris didelphis Babero, 1960

(Trichurida (Figs 94-95).

153

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Brief morphometric data:

Males: length 21.8-24.9; esophageal region 13.1-

14.5; tick portion of body 8.7-10.4 long. Spicule

1.20-1.36 long. Spicular sheath (prepuce) usually

extends about 0.10-0.15 beyond rear end of the

body, where it ends in center of an ellipsoidal

expansion about 0.16-0.18 long. Total length of

spicular sheath about 0.18-0.25. Sheath and

proximal half of expansion densely covered with

small spines; these become shorter and sparse

before being replaced beyond equatorial region of

expansion by longitudinal ridges about 0.03 long.

Spicular diverticulum leaves cloaca 0.23-0.36

from distal end of body. Cloaca 1.7-2.1 long.

Ejaculatory duct and vas deferens, 2.1-2.6 and 4.0-

5.5 long, respectively. Testis with about 24-28

lobulations, originates near proximal end of cloaca,

about 1.70-2.10 from posterior extremity of body.

Females: length 21.9-23.7; esophageal region

14.3-15.1; tick portion of body 7.6-8.6 long. Ratio

of thick to esophageal portions of body about 1:1.7-

1:1.9. Vulva about 0.05-0.20 posterior to

esophagus/intestine junction. Ovejector 0.5 long.

Eggs 0.059-0.062 long, 0.029-0.033 wide. Rectum

0.25-0.43 long. Anus usually subterminal,

occasionally terminal. (Modified and adapted from

Tiner, 1950).

Host: Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818).

Site of infection: intestine.

Locality: Salvador, State of Bahia.

References: Tiner (1950) and Kuniy & Brasileiro

(2006).

Trichuris thrichomysi Torres, Nascimento,

Menezes, Garcia, Santos, Maldonado Jr, Miranda,

Lanfredi, Souza, 2011 (Figs 96)

Brief morphometric data:

Males: body 14.5-17.8 long. Esophagus 7.0-8.5

long, posterior of body 8.7-9.3 long. Width of

esophageal region at tip, 0.04-0.08; in midregion

0.10-0.15; at esophagus-intestinal junction 0.17-

0.18. Single testis with 33-38 lobes. Spicule 1.86-

2.78 long.

Females: body 27.5-32.3 long. Esophagus 12.7-

15.8 long, posterior of body 15.7-17.3 long. Width

of esophageal region at tip, 0.04-0.08; in midregion

0.08-0.13; at esophagus-intestinal junction 0.19-

0.28. Vulva located at 0.12-0.15 from anterior

extremity. Eggs 0.07 long, 0.03 wide. Rectum 0.40-

0.51 long. (Modified and adapted from Lopes

Torres et al., 2011).

Hosts: Thrichomys apereoides Lund, 1839 and T.

pachyurus (Wagner, 1845).

Site of infection: intestinal mucosal surface.

Localities: municipality of Capitão Andrade, State

of Minas Gerais, Nhumirin farm, Pantanal region

(Pantanal wetlands) State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Reference: Torres et al. (2011).

The sequence of presentation refers to the taxon

(taxa) in italics/plain, in alphabetical order in each

section, host (s) in italics/bold, site (s) of infection,

locality (ies), and bibliographical reference (s).

Aspidodera raillieti Travassos, 1913, Capillaria

sp. Cruzia tentaculata (Rudolphi, Rudolphi, 1819)

Travassos, 1917, Gongylonema sp.,

Travassostrongylus orloff Travassos, 1935,

Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1919,

Viannaia hamata Travassos, 1914, D. albiventris,

intestine, neighborhood of Pampulha, Belo

Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais.

Reference: Silva & Costa (1999).

Nematode species/groups from mammals

previously referred by Vicente et al. (1997)

occurring in other hosts

Aspidodera raillieti Travassos, 1913, Aspidodera

vazi Proença, 1937, Tolypeutes tricinctus

(Linnaeus, 1758), intestine, State of Piauí,

Crassicauda crassicauda (Creplin, 1829) Leiper &

Atkinson, 1915, Balaenoptera borealis Lesson

1828, penis, urethra, intestine, municipality of

Arraial do Cabo, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758), penis,

urethra, intestine, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Crassicauda sp., Kogia breviceps (Blainville,

154

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

1838), muscle, pleura, penis, northeastern coast,

Dipetalonema caudispina (Molin, 1858) Diesing,

1861, Brachyteles arachnoides (Geoffroy, 1806),

Leonthoptecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1826),

Leontopithecus rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766),

Saguinus bicolor (Spix, 1823), abdominal cavity,

localities unavailable, Halocercus brasiliensis

Almeida, 1933, Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais, 1853),

southeastern coast, Halocercus brasiliensis

Almeida, 1933, Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen,

1833), littoral of the State of São Paulo, Stenella

clymene (Gray, 1850), lungs, northeastern coast,

Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828), lungs,

northeastern coast, Halocercus sp., S. guianensis,

lungs, northeastern coast, Stenella coeruleoalba

(Meyen, 1833, lungs, northeastern coast, S.

longirostris, lungs, northeastern coast, Stenella sp.

lungs, northeastern coast, Physaloptera dilatata

(Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845, Leontopithecus

rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766), Chiropotes satanas

(Hoffmannsegg, 1807), intestine, site of infection

unavailable. (Modified and adapted from Muniz-

Pereira et al., 2009 and Carvalho et al., 2010).

References: Santos et al. (1996), Muniz-Pereira et

al. (1999), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Carvalho et

al. (2010) and Luque et al. (2010).

Cooperia pectinata (Linstow, Ransom, 1907,

Cooperia punctata (Linstow, 1907) Ransom, 1907,

Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777), Mazama

gouazoubira (Fisher, 1814), Ozotocerus

besoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Blastocerus

dichotomus (Illiger, 1815), Haemonchus contortus

(Molin, 1860) Kadenazi, 1948, M. americana, M.

gouazoubira, O. besoarticus, Haemonchus similis

Travassos, 1914, Trichostrongylus axei (Cobbold,

1879) Railliet & Henry, 1909, Trichostrongylus

colubriformis (Giles, 1892) Ransom, 1911, M.

americana, M. gouazoubira, O. besoarticus, B.

dichotomus, municipalities of Promissão, SP

(specimens of B. dichotomus), Coxim, Pedro

Gomes and Corumbá (Pantanal wetlands), State of

Mato Grosso do Sul. (Modified and adapted from

Nascimento et al., 2000).

Reference: Nascimento et al. (2000).

Dirofilaria spectans Freitas & Lent, 1949, Lontra

longicaudis Olfers, 1818, Lagoa da Conceição

(Conceição Lagoon), municipality of

Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina.

Reference: Soto (2000).

Syphacia (Syphacia) criceti (Vaz & Pereira, 1934)

Quentin, 1969, Mesocricetus auratus

(Waterhouse, 1839), pet shops, Rio de Janeiro,

State of Rio de Janeiro.

Reference: Pinto et al. (2001).

Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus

(Schneider, 1866) Inglis & Diaz-Ungria, 1960,

Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940, State

of Rio Grande do Sul.

Reference: Amato et al. (2002).

Dipetalonema graciliformis Freitas, 1964,

Saguinus mystax (Spix, 1823), Manaus, State of

Amazonas, Mododontus sp., Cacajao calvus

(Geoffroy, 1847, Rio Japurá (Japurá River), State

of Amazonas.

Reference: Gonçalves et al. (2002).

Litomosoides brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, Anoura

caudifer (Geoffroy, 1818), body cavity, State of

Amapá.

Reference: Mourão et al. (2002).

Aelurostrongylus obstrusus (Railliet, 1898)

Cameron, 1927, Herpailuris yaguarondi,

(Lacépède, 1809), municipality of Salobra, State of

Mato Grosso do Sul, Ancylostoma braziliense

Faria, 1910, H. yaguarondi, Belém, State of Pará,

municipality of Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, Puma concolor (Linnaeus 1771), Zoological

Garden, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758),

municipality of Piratuba, State of Pará,

Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) Hall, 1913,

Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ilha

Seca (Seca Island), State of São Paulo,

municipality of Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, Aspidodera sp., Marmosa murina (Linnaeus,

1758), Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758),

municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo,

Belém, State of Pará, Aspidodera raillieti

Travassos, 1913, Chironectes sp., municipality of

155

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Aurá, State of Pará, Didelphis sp., municipality of

Crato, State of Ceará, Aspidodera subulata (Molin,

1860) Railliet & Henry, 1912, Philander opossum

Linnaeus, 1758, municipality of Santa Tereza,

State of Espírito Santo, Bairdascaris dasypodina

(Baylis, 1922) Sprent, 1982, E. sexcinctus,

municipality of Lassance, State of Minas Gerais,

Capillaria sp., Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied,

1826, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Cruzia tentaculata Travassos, 1917, Chironectes

minimus (Zimmermann, 1780), Rio de Janeiro,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Didelphis albiventris

Lund, 1840, Belém, Pará, Didelphis sp., Rio de

Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Metachirops sp.,

Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Dipetalonema sp., Alouatta caraya (Humboldt,

1812), municipality of Barra Seca, State of Espírito

Santo, Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann,

1780), municipality of Aurá, State of Pará,

Dasyprocta sp., municipality of Lassance, State of

Minas Gerais, D.marsupialis, municipality of

Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, P.

opossum, municipality of Petrópolis, State of Rio

de Janeiro, municipality of Santa Teresa, State of

Espírito Santo, Dipetalonema gracilis (Rudolphi,

1809) Diesing, 1861, Cebus apella (Linnaeus,

1758), Cachoeira de Paciência (Paciência Fall),

State of Pará, municipality of Salobra, State of

Mato Grosso do Sul, Dirofilaria sp., Cerdocyon

thous (Linnaeus, 1766), municipality of Salobra,

State of Mato Grosso do Sul, L. longicaudis

(Olfers, 1818), municipality of Angra dos Reis,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Dirofilaria repens Railliet

& Henry, 1911, Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766),

municipalities of Bodoquena and Salobra, State of

Mato Grosso do Sul, Dirofilaria spectans Freitas &

Lent, 1949, Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758),

municipality of Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, L. longicaudis, municipality of Angra dos

Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Dracunculus sp., L.

longicaudis, municipality of Angra dos Reis, State

of Rio de Janeiro, Metachirus nudicaudatus

Desmarest, 1817, municipality of Bom Retiro,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Eucoleus fluminensis

(Freitas, 1946) Lopéz-Neyra, 1947, D.

m a r s u p i a l i s , Belém, State of Pará,

Eucyathostomum copulatum Molin, 1861,

Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823,

municipality of Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, Filariopsis barretoi (Travassos, 1921) Rêgo,

1974, Cebus apella (Linnaeus, 1758), Rio de

Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Gongylonema

pulchrum Molin, 1857, Capra hircus Linnaeus,

1758, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Graphidiops assimilis Freitas & Mendonça, 1959,

Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758,

municipality of Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, Hassalstrongylus sp., A. cursor, Galea wellsi

Osgard, 1832, municipalities of Engano and Santa

Teresa, State of Espírito Santo, Heligmostrongylus

sp, Sciurus aestuans Linnaeus, 1766, municipality

of Linhares, State of Espírito Santo,

Heligmostrongylus agouti (Neiva, Cunha &

Travassos, 1914) Durette-Desset & Chabaud,

1981, Agouti paca (Linnaeus, 1766), municipality

of Soóretama, State of Espírito Santo,

Helminthoxys urichi Cameron & Reesal, 1951, D.

azarae, municipalities of Rio de Janeiro and Angra

dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, municipality of

Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Heterakis

sp., Proechymis cayenensis Desmarest, 1817,

municipality of São Marcos, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Heterostrongylus sp., D. marsupialis, Rio

de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Litomosoides

sp., Chironectes minimus, municipality of Aurá,

State of Pará, Litomosoides petteri Bain, Petit &

Berteax, 1980, M. murina, Belém, State of Pará,

Mammomonogamus laryngeus (Railliet, 1899)

Ryzikov, 1948, D. marsupialis, Belém, State of

Pará, Vale do Itaúna (Itaúna Valley), State of

Espírito Santo, Salvador, State of Bahia, Molineus

sp. Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782), State of Rio

Grande do Sul, Metastrongylus sp., D. aurita,

municipality of Soóretama, State of Espírito Santo,

Physaloptera sp. D. aurita, municipality of Angra

dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Leopardus wiedii

(Schinz, 1821), Philander opossum, Belém, State

of Pará, Physaloptera digitata Schneider, 1866,

Leopardus wiedii, Belém, State of Pará,

Physaloptera papillotruncata Molin, 1860,

Choleopus didactylus Linnaeus, 1758, Belém,

State of Pará, Physocephalus meridionalis (Molin,

1860) Hall, 1916, Agouti paca (Linnaeus, 1766),

municipalities of Cachoeiro do Tronco, State of

Pará, Engano, Soóretama and Linhares, State of

Espírito Santo, Protospirura muris (Gmelin, 1790)

Seurat, 1915, Holochilus physodes melanogaster

(Olfers, 1818), municipality of Salesópolis, State

of São Paulo, Rictularia sp., Tadarida brasiliensis

(Geoffroy, 1824), State of Rio de Janeiro,

Strongyloides sp., Agouti paca, municipality of

Linhares, State of Espírito Santo, Strongylus sp.,

156

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Agouti paca, municipality of Linhares, State of

Espírito Santo, Subulura sp., Didelphis aurita,

locality unavailable, Syphacia sp., Akodon cursor,

municipality of Engano, State of Espírito Santo,

Belém, State of Pará, Thelazia iheringi Travassos,

1918, Dasyprocta agouti Linnaeus, 1766,

municipality of Maracajú, State of Mato Grosso,

Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1902) Leiper, 1907,

Eira barbara, municipality of Barranco Alto, Rio

Aquidauana (Aquidauana River), State of Mato

Grosso do Sul, Puma concolor (Linnaeus 1771),

Zoological Garden, Rio de Janeiro and

municipality of Estrela, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Toxocara sp., Felis pardalis Linnaeus, 1758, State

of Mato Grosso, Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782)

Stiles, 1905, Cerdocyon thous, Rio de Janeiro,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Leopardus pardalis

Linnaeus, 1758, Belém, State of Pará, Puma

concolor, municipality of Estrela, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Toxocara mystax (Zeder, 1800) Stiles,

1907, Herpailurus yaguarondi, municipality of

Salobra, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Felis

pardalis, municipality of Piratuba, State of Pará,

municipality of Porto Cabral, State of São Paulo,

Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1778), locality

unavailable, Puma concolor, municipality of

Barreiro Rico, State of São Paulo, Felis pardalis,

State of Mato Grosso, Travassostrongylus callis

(Travassos, 1914) Orloff, 1933, D. aurita,

municipaliyties of Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis,

State of Rio de Janeiro, municipality of Soóretama,

State of Espírito Santo, Trichuris sp., Dasyprocta

agouti, municipality of Angra dos Reis, State of

Rio de Janeiro, neighborhood of Ribeira, Rio de

Janeiro, and Rio Estrela (?) [Estrela River (?)],

State of Rio de Janeiro, municipality of Salobra,

State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mus musculus

(Linnaeus, 1758), municipality of Lorena, State of

São Paulo, Philander opossum (Temminck, 1824),

municipality of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer,

1814), municipality of Salobra, State of Mato

Grosso do Sul, Trichuris minuta (Rudolphi,1819),

Chironectes sp., municipality of Salesópolis, State

of São Paulo, Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus,

1758, Belém, State of Pará, D. aurita,

municipalities of Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis,

State of Rio de Janeiro, D. marsupialis,

municipality of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Belém, State of Pará, Salvador, State of

Bahia, municipality of Linhares, State of Espírito

Santo, Marmosa murina, Belém, State of Pará.

Trichuris serratus (Linstow, 1879),

Gedoelst,1911), Felis silvestris Schreb, 1775, São

Paulo, State of São Paulo, Turgida turgida

(Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1919, Chironectes

minimus, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro,

municipality of Santo Antônio, State of Pará,

Viannaia sp., Metachirops nudicaudatus,

municipality of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Viannaia hamata Travassos, 1914,

Philander opossum, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de

Janeiro (Modified and adapted from Noronha et al.,

2002).

Reference: Noronha et al. (2002).

Stilestrongylus aculeata (Travassos, 1918)

Durette-Desset, 1971, Akodon cursor (Winger,

1887), small intestine, district of Suruí,

municipality of Magé, State of Rio de Janeiro.

Reference: Gomes et al. (2003).

Ancylostoma buckleyi Le Roux & Bioca, 1957,

Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), municipality

of Itatinga, State of São Paulo.

Referência: Santos et al. (2003).

Capillaria sp., Sturnira (S.) magna De La Torre,

1966, stomach, Parque Nacional da Serra do

Divisor (Divisor Mountain National Park), State of

Amazonas.

Reference: Nogueira et al. (2004)

Helminthoxys urichi (Cameron & Reesal, 1951)

Hugot, 1986, Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832,

municipality of Barcelos, State of Amazonas.

Reference: Gonçalves et al. (2006).

Cosmocercoidea, Kathlaniidae, Alouatta guariba

clamitans Cabrera, 1940, municipality of

Campinas, State of São Paulo.

Reference: Santos et al. (2006).

157

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 1-6. Ancylostoma pluridentatum. Fig. 1. Male, anterior portion. (After Schwartz, 1927). Fig. 2. Male, right

side of the bursa. Scale bar = 0.10. (After Thatcher, 1971). Fig. 3. Male, caudal bursa. (After Schwartz, 1927).

Avellaria intermedia. Fig. 4. Anterior of male. Fig. 5. Posterior of male. Fig. 6. Male, caudal bursa. (After Durette-

Desset et al., 2006).

158

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 7-11. Viannella trichospicula. Fig. 7. Female, anterior portion. Fig. 8. Male, posterior extremity, with caudal

bursa. Fig. 9. Female, posterior portion, showing anal and vulvar apertures, ovejector and uterus. Fig. 10. Female,

cross section at mid-body, showing cuticular ridges. Fig. 11. Male, posterior extremity. (After Durette-Desset et al.,

2006).

159

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 12-17. Stilestrongylus lanfrediae. Fig. 12. Male, anterior extremity. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. Fig. 13.

Male, posterior of body. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Fig. 14. Female, cross-section through anterior body, at

posterior esophagus-intestinal junction. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. Scale bar common to figs 13-14. (After

Souza et al., 2009a). Angiostrongylus lenzii. Fig. 15. Male, anterior extremity (Scale bar = 0.05 mm). Fig.

16. Female, posterior extremity (Scale bar = 0.1 mm). Fig. 17. Male, posterior extremity. (Scale bar = 0.1

mm) (After Souza et al., 2009b).

160

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 18-26. Stenurus globicephalae. Fig. 18. Anterior of female (Scale bar = 0.25 mm). Fig. 19. Posterior of male

Scale bar = 0.1 mm). Fig 20. Excised spicules. (Scale bar = 0.05 mm) (After Zylber et al. (2002). Longistriata

myopotami. Fig. 21. Male caudal bursa (Scale bar = 0.1 mm) (After Ryzhikov et al., 1979). Freitastrongylus angelae.

Fig, 22. Female, anterior portion. Fig. 23. Female, posterior portion. Fig. 24. Spicule. Fig. 25. Male caudal bursa.

(Scale bar = 0.1 mm). Fig. 26. Male, caudal bursa showing the genital cone. (Scale bar common to Figs 22, 23, 24, 26

= 0.1 mm). (After Gonçalves et al., 2002).

161

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 27-33. Hadrostrongylus speciosum. Fig. 27. Male, anterior portion. Fig. 28. Synlophe, midbody transversal

section. Fig. 29. Spicules and gubernaculum. Fig. 30. Male caudal bursa. (Scale bars = 0.1 mm) (After Hoppe &

Nascimento, 2007). Moennigia littlei. Fig. 31. Male, anterior portion. Fig. 32. Male, caudal bursa. Fig 33. Spicules

and gubernaculum. (Scale bar common to Figs 32-33). (After Durette-Desset, 1970).

162

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 34-39. Halocercus (Posthalocercus) kleinenbergi. Fig. 34. Cephalic end of body. Fig. 35. Female, caudal

end. Fig. 36. Male, caudal bursa. Fig. 37. Male, posterior extremity. Fig. 38. Male, gubernaculum. Fig. 39. Spicules

(After Delyamure, 1951).

163

Figures 40-47. Dentostomella translucida. Fig. 40. Anterior of male. Fig. 41. Posterior of male. Fig. 42. Posterior of

female. (After Pilitt & Wightman, 1979). Gracilioxyuris agilisis. Fig. 43. Male, total. Fig. 44. Posterior of male.

(Scale bars = 0.10 mm). (After Feijó et al. 2008). Syphacia mesocriceti. Fig. 45. Male, total. Fig. 46. Head, apical

view. Fig. 47. Male, posterior portion, ventral view. (After Dick et al., 1973).

164

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 48-58. Anisakis physeteris. Fig. 48. Posterior of male, lateral view. Fig. 49. Posterior extremity of male,

ventral view. Fig. 50. Esophagus-intestine junction. (Scale bar of Fig. 50 = 0.1 mm, common to figs 48-49). (After

Davey, 1971). Anisakis simplex. Fig. 51. Anterior extremity, showing lips. Fig. 52. Posterior of male, ventral view.

Fig. 53. Esophagus-intestine junction. (Scale bars = 0.10 mm) (After Davey, 1971). Anisakis typica. Fig. 54. Anterior

extremity, showing lips. Fig. 55. Posterior of male, ventral view. Fig. 56. Esophagus-intestine junction. (Scale bar of

Fig 51, common to Figs 54, 55, 56 = 0.10 mm. (After Davey, 1971). Physaloptera herthameyrae. Fig. 57. Anterior of

male. Fig. 58. Posterior of male. (Scale bars = 0.50 mm). (After Torres et al., 2009).

165

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 59-64. Parabronema pecariae. Fig. 59. Male, anterior portion (Scale bar, common to Figs 60, 61 = 0.2 mm).

Fig. 60. Male, anterior extremity. Fig. 61. Male, posterior portion. (After Vicente et al., 2000). Thelazia

californiensis. Fig. 62. Male, anterior portion. Fig. 63. Male, posterior extremity. Fig. 64. Male, posterior portion.

(After Pinto et al., 1998).

166

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 65-73. Litomosoides chagasfilhoi. Fig. 65. Male, anterior portion. (Scale bar = 0.10 mm). Fig. 66. Male,

anterior extremity, showing buccal capsule. (Scale bar = 0.05 mm. Fig. 67. Male, posterior portion. (Scale bar = 0.10

mm). Fig. 68. Male, left spicule (Scale bar = 0.10 mm). Fig. 69. Right spicule. (Scale bar = 0.05 mm) (After Moraes

Neto et al., 1997). Molinema nattereri. Fig. 70. Male, anterior portion. Fig. 71. Male, anterior extremity. Fig. 72.

Female, anterior portion. Fig. 73. Male, posterior portion. (After Guerrero & Bain, 2001).

167

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 74-79. Trichosfeitasi lenti. Fig.74. Female, anterior portion. Fig. 75. Femela, posterior portion. Fig. 76.

Male, bursa (After Sutton & Durett-Desset, 1991). Chiroptenema glabocephala. Fig. 77. Male, bursa. Fig.78.

Anterior portion. 79. Head apical view (After Durette-Desset & Tchéprakoff, 1977).

168

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 80-83. Syphacia carlotosi. Fig. 80. Complete male specimen. Fig. 81. Posterior extremity male ventral view.

(After Robles & Navone, 2007a). Fig. 82-83. Syphacia kinsellai. Fig.82. Complete male specimen. Fig. 83.

Posterior extremity male ventral view. (After Robles & Navone, 2007b).

169

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 84-88. Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) pluripectinata. Fig. 84. Anterior portion lateral view. Fig. 85.

Midbody region lateral view. Fig. 86. Male caudal portion, ventral view. Fig. 87. Male caudal portion lateral view. Fig

88. Female tail tip, lateral view. (After Hoppe et al., 2010).

170

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Figures 89-92. Litomosoides odilae. Fig. 89. Male bucal capsula. Fig. 90. Male posterior region. Fig. 91. Male

posterior region papillae. Fig. 92. Male spicules. (After Notarnicola & Navone, 2002).

171

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Figures 93-96. Fig. 93. Trichuris opaca. Caudal end of male (After Tiner, 1950). Fig. 94. Trichuris didelphis. Vulvar

area female. Fig. 95. Trichuris didelphis. Caudal end of male. (After Babero, 1960). Fig. 96. Trichuris trichomysi.

Caudal end of male. (After Torres et al., 2011).

172

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Angiostrongylus vasorum (Railliet, 1866),

Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766, municipality of

Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais.

Reference: Duarte et al. (2007).

Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jägerskiöldi

(Lent & Freitas, 1935) Quentin, 1969,

Gracilinanus agilis Burmeister, 1854,

Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner, 1842, Pantanal

(Wetlands), State of Mato Grosso, Floresta

Atlântica (Atlantic Forest).

Reference: Torres et al. (2007).

Aspidodera binansata Raiiliet & Henry, 1915,

Moennigia littlei Durette-Desset, 1970

Strongyloides ratti Sandground, 1925, Dasypus

novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758, municipality of

Aquidauana, State of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Reference: Hoppe & Nascimento (2007).

Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) Hall, 1913,

Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer, 1814),

Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) Travassos,

1915, Molineus felinus Cameron, 1923,

Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp., Cerdocyon thous

(Linnaeus, 1766), Pseudalopex gymnocercus,

municipalities of Pedro Osório and Pelotas, State

of Rio Grande do Sul.

Reference: Ruas et al. (2008).

Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859), Hall,

1913, Hadrostrongylus ransomi (Travassos, 1935)

Hoppe, Araújo de Lima, Tebaldi, Athayde &

Nascimento, 2009 (= Delicata ransomi Travassos,

1935), Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758),

small intestine, municipality of Patos, State of

Paraíba.

Reference: Hoppe et al. (2009).

Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Collet-

Meygret, 1802, Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782),

Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) Travassos,

1915, Spirometra sp., Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus,

1766), Lycalopex gymnocercus (Fischer, 1814)

[=Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fisher, 1814)],

municipality of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do

Sul.

Reference: Muller et al. (2009).

Aelustrongylus sp., Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus,

1766), heart, State of Mato Grosso do Sul,

Ancylostoma braziliense Faria, 1910, Puma

(Herpailurus) yaguarondi (Geoffroy, 1803),

intestine, State of Mato Grosso, Ancylostoma

caninum (Ercolani, 1859), Panthera onca

(Linnaeus, 1758), site of infection unavailable,

State of Mato Grosso, Lycalopex sp., small

intestine, State of Rio de Janeiro, Puma

(Herpailurus) yaguarondi, intestine, State of

Mato Grosso, Angiostrongylus sp., Eira barbara

(Linnaeus, 1758), heart, State of Mato Grosso do

Sul, Angiostrongylus raillieti (Travassos, 1927),

Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1776), mesentery, State

of Paraná, Capillaria sp., Puma concolor

(Linnaeus, 1771), bronchi, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Dioctophyma sp., Crysocyon brachyurus (Illiger,

1815), abdominal cavity, State of São Paulo,

Galictis vittata (Schreber, 1776), kidney, State of

Rio de Janeiro, N. nasua, abdominal cavity, State

of Pará, Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818), kidney,

State of Rio de Janeiro, Speothos venaticus (Lund,

1842), kidney, State of Mato Grosso, Dirofilaria

sp., Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782), heart, State of

Rio de Janeiro, N. nasua, pulmonary artery, heart,

State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Procyon cancrivorus

(Cuvier, 1798), under the skin, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Pteronoura brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788),

under the skin, State of Mato Grosso do Sul,

Dirofilaria incrassata (Molin, 1858), P.

cancrivorus, under the skin, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Dirofilaria repens, Cerdocyon thous,

under the skin, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Filaria

carvalhoi Freitas & Lent, 1937, E. barbara, under

the skin, State of Mato Grosso do Sul,

Mammomonogamus sp, P. concolor, bronchi, State

of Rio de Janeiro, Molineus sp., Potos flavus

(Schreber, 1774), intestine, State of Pará, Molineus

major Cameron, 1936, P. brasiliensis, lungs, State

of Mato Grosso do Sul, Necator americanus

(Stiles, 1902), P. flavus, intestine, State of Pará,

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Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Pearsonema feliscati (Diesing, 1851),

Pearsonema linsi (Freitas & Lent, 1935), C. thous,

urinary bladder, State of Rio de Janeiro,

Physaloptera sp., C. thous, stomach, State of Mato

Grosso do Sul, Physaloptera preputialis Linstow,

1889, C. thous, stomach, State of Paraná,

Strongyloides sp., C. thous, G. vittata, small

intestine, State of Rio de Janeiro, Subulura

amazonica Pereira & Machado Filho, 1968, P.

brasiliensis, small intestine, State of Amazonas,

Subulura interrogans, Lent & Freitas, 1935, P.

brasiliensis, large intestine, State of Amazonas,

Trichuris sp., Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber,

1775), site of infection and locality unavailable,

Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789), C. thous, cecum,

State of Mato Grosso do Sul. (Modified and

adapted from Vieira et al., 2008).

References: Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009) and Vieira

et al. (2008).

Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jägerskiöldi

(Lent & Freitas, 1935) Quentin, 1969, Spirura

guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924) Chitwood, 1934, G.

agilis, Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819)

Travassos, 1919, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792,

Pantanal (Wetlands), State of Mato Grosso

(Modified and adapted from Torres et al., 2009).

Reference: Torres et al. (2009).

Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Collet-

Meygret, 1802, C. thous, Rio de Janeiro, State of

Rio de Janeiro.

Reference: Ribeiro et al. (2009).

Strongyloides sp., Leopardus tigrinus Schreber,

1775, municipality of Botucatu, State of São Paulo.

Reference: Santos et al. (2009).

Capillaria hydrochoeri (Travassos, 1916)

Moravec, 1982, Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp.

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766),

intestine, municipality of Rio Grande, State of Rio

Grande do Sul.

Reference: Sinkoc et al. (2009).

Heligmostrongylus almeidai (Travassos, 1927)

Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1981,

Heligmostrongylus crucifer (Travassos, 1943)

Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1981, Pudica

cercomysi (Durette-Desset & Tchéprakoff, 1969)

Durette-Deset, 1971, Thrichomys pachyurus

(Wagner, 1845), intestine, Brazilian Pantanal

(Wetlands) (Modified and adapted from Simões et

al. 2010).

Reference: Simões et al. (2010).

Trypanoxyuris minutus (Schneider, 1866),

Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940,

municipality of Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais.

Reference: Souza et al. (2010).

Avellaria sp., Trichuris sp., A. cursor, A.

montensis, O. nigripes, intestine, Serra dos Órgãos

(Órgãos Mountain), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de

Janeiro, Litomosoides silvai Padilha & Faria, 1977,

Stilestrongylus aculeata (Travassos, 1918)

Durette-Desset, 1971 (= Longistriata aculeata

Travassos, 1918), Stilestrongylus eta (Travassos,

1937) Durette-Desset, 1971 (=Longistriata eta

Travassos, 1937), A. montensis, O. nigripes,

intestine, Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,

Protospirura numidica Seurat, 1914*, A. cursor,

A. montensis, O. nigripes, intestine, Serra dos

Órgãos (Órgãos mountain) Rio de Janeiro, State of

Rio de Janeiro (Modified and adapted from Simões

et al., 2011).

* It seems more likely that this species was

misunderstood with Protospirura numidica

criceticola Quentin, Karimi & Almeida, 1968, that

was referred occurring in Zygodontomys lasiurus

pixuna Moojen, 1943 and Calomys callosus

(Renger, 1830) in Brazil (Vicente et al., 1997).

References: Quentin et al. (1968), Vicente et al.

(1997) and Simões et al. (2011).

Ascaris sp, Strongyloides sp., Trichuris trichiura

(Linnaeus, 1769), Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789)

Smith, 1908, C. brachiurus, intestine, Parque

Nacional das Emas (Emas National Park) State of

Goiás.

Reference: Braga et al. (2010).

Dioctophyma renale (Goeze, 1782) Collet-

Meygret, 1802, Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1766,

abdominal cavity, Centro Nacional de Primatas

(National Primate Center), municipality of

Ananindeua, State of Pará.

Reference: Ishizaki et al. (2010).

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Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1919,

Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1840), intestine,

municipality of Campo Grande, State of Mato

Grosso do Sul.

Reference: Humberg et al. (2011).

Summarized check list of mammalian hosts and

respective parasite nematodes (alphabetical

order). Nematode and host species that are

followed by an astherisc (*) have not been

reported by Vicente et al. (1997). In this section,

authorities of species are omitted, since they

appear along the text.

Agouti paca, Heligmostrongylus agouti,

Physocephalus meridionalis, Strongyloides sp.,

Strongylus sp., A. cursor, Avellaria sp.

Guerrerostrongylus zeta (= Hassalstrongylus

zeta), Hassalstrongylus sp., Litomosoides

chagasfilhoi (*), L. odilae (*), Protospirura

numidica, Stilestrongylus lanfrediae (*),

Strongylus aculeata, Syphacia carlitosi (*),

Syphacia kinsellai (*), Syphacia sp.,

Trichofreitasia lenti (*), Trichuris sp., A.

montensis (*), Angiostrongylus lenzii (*),

Avellaria sp., Guerrerostrongylus zeta,

Litomosoides odilae, L. silvai, Protospirura

numidica, Stilestrongylus aculeata, S. lanfrediae,

Stilestrongylus sp., Syphacia carlitosi, S. kinsellai,

Trichofreitasia lentii, Trichuris sp., A. belzebul

ululata (*), Ascaris elongata (*) [species

inquirenda], A. caraya, Dipetalonema sp., A.

guariba clamitans (*), Cosmocercoidea,

Kathlaniidae, Trypanoxyurus (T.) minutus, A.

caudifer (*), Litomosoides brasiliensis, A.

planirostris (*), Cheiropteronema globicephala

(*), B. borealis (*), Crassicauda crassicauda,

Pseudoterranova sp. (*), B. physalus (*),

Crassicauda sp., Pseudoterranova sp.,

Brachyteles arachnoides, Dipetalonema

caudispina, Blastocerus dichotomus, Cooperia

pectinata, C. punctata, Haemonchus similis,

Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, C. hircus,

Gongylonema pulchrum, C. calvus, Monodontus

sp., C. apella, Dipetalonema gracilis, Filariopsis

barretoi, C. thous, Aelustrongylus sp.,

Ancylostoma buckleyi, Angiostrongylus vasorum,

Capillaria hepatica, Dioctophyma renale,

Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria sp., Pearsonema

feliscati, Physaloptera preputialis, Physaloptera

sp., Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) pectinata

(*), Spirometra sp., Strongyloides sp., Toxocara

canis, Trichuris vulpis, Trichuris sp., C.

subspinosus (*), Trichuris opaca (*), C. minimus,

Cruzia tentaculata, Dipetalonema sp.,

Litomosoides sp., Turgida turgida, Chironectes

sp., Aspidodera raillieti, Trichuris minuta, C.

satanas (*), Physalopetera dilatata, C. didactylus,

Physaloptera papillotruncata, C. chinga,

Molineus sp., C. brachyurus, Ascaris sp.,

Dioctophyma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris

trichiura, T. vulpis, D. agouti, Thelazia iheringi,

Trichuris sp., D. azarae, Eucyathostomum

copulatum, Helminthoxys urichi, D. fuliginosa,

Avellaria intermedia (*), Freitastrongylus angelae

(*), Helminthoxys urichi, Vianella trichospicula

(*), D. leporina, Freitastrongylus angelae,

Dasyprocta sp., Dipetalonema sp., D.

novemcinctus, Aspidodera binansata,

Hadrostrongylus speciosum (*), Moennigia littlei

(*), Strongyloides ratti, Trichuris minuta, D.

albiventris (*), Aspidodera raillieti, Capillaria sp.,

Cruzia tentaculata, Gongylonema sp.,

Travassostrongylus orloff, Trichuris didelphis (*),

Turgida turgida, Viannaia hamata, D. aurita,

Capillaria sp., Metastrongylus sp., Physaloptera

sp., Subulura sp., Travassostrongylus callis,

Trichuris minuta, D. marsupialis, Aspidodera sp,

Dipetalonema sp. Eucoleus fluminensis,

Heterostrongylus sp., Mammomonoganus

laryngeus, Trichuris minuta, D. virginiana (*),

Turgida turgida, Didelphis sp. Aspidodera raillieti,

Cruzia tentaculata, Echimys (?) didelphoides (*),

M o l i n e m a n a t t e re r i (*), E. barbara,

Angiostrongylus sp., Dirofilaria repens, D.

spectans, Filaria carvalhoi, Toxascaris leonina, E.

sexcinctus, Ancylostoma caninum, Bayrdascaris

dasypodina, Hadrostrongylus ransomi, F.

pardalis, Toxocara mystax, Toxocara sp., F.

silvestris, Trichuris serratus, F. attenuata (*),

Anisakis simplex (*), Galea wellsi (*),

Hassalstrongylus sp., G. cuja (*), Dioctophyma

renale, Dirofilaria sp., Strongyloides sp., G.

macrorhynchus (*), Anisakis typica (*), Stenurus

globicephalae (*), G. agilis (*), Gracilioxyuris

agilisis (*), Physaloptera herthameyrae (*),

Pterygodermatites (Paucipctines) jägerskioldi,

Spirura guianensis, G. microtarsus (*),

Pterygodermatites (Paucipctines) jägerskioldi, G.

chryseus (*), Anisakis sp. (*), H. yaguarondi,

Aelurostrongylus obtusus, Ancylostoma

braziliensis, Toxocara mystax, H. physodes

melanogaster (*), Protospirura muris, H.

hydrochaeris, Capillaria hydrochoeri,

Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp., K. breviceps (*),

Anisakis physeteris (*), A. typica, Anisakis sp.,

175

Nematodes from mammals in Brazil. Pinto et al.

Crassicauda sp., Pseudoterranova, K. sima (*),

Anisakis sp., L. hosei (*), Anisakis sp., L. pardalis,

Ancylostoma braziliense, Toxocara canis,

Strongyloides sp., L. tigrinus (*), Strongyloides sp.

L. wiedii, Ancylostoma pluridentatum (*),

Physaloptera digitata, Physaloptera sp., L.

rosalia, Crassicauda sp., Physaloptera digitata, L.

longicaudis, Dioctophyma sp., Dirofilaria

spectans, Dirofilaria sp., Dracunculus sp.,

Dirofilaria spectans, Lycalopex gymnocercus (*),

Capillaria hepatica, Spirometra sp., L. sp. (*),

Ancylostoma caninum, M. americana, Cooperia

pectinata, C. punctata, Haemonchus contortus, H.

similis, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, M.

gouazoubira (*), Cooperia pectinata, C. punctata,

Haemonchus contortus, H. similis,

Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, Thelazia

californiensis (*), M. murina, Aspidodera sp.,

Litomosoides petteri, Trichuris minuta, M.

unguiculatus (*), Dentostomella translucida (*),

M. auratus (*), Syphacia (S.) criceti, S.

mesocriceti (*), Metachirops sp. (*), Cruzia

tentaculata, M. nudicaudatus (*), Dracunculus sp.

Viannaia sp., M. coypus, Longistriata myopotami

(*), M. musculus, Trichuris sp., N. nasua,

Angiostrongylus raillieti, Dioctophyma sp.,

Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria sp., O. nigripes (*),

Avellaria sp., Guerrerostrongylus zeta,

Litomosoides odilae, Litomosoides silvai,

Protospirura numidica, Stilestrongylus aculeata,

S. lanfrediae, Syphacia carlitosi, S. kinsellai,

Trichofreitasia lenti, Trichuris sp., O. bezoarticus,

Cooperia pectinata, C. punctata, Haemonchus

contortus, H. similis, Trichostrongylus axei, T.

colubriformis, P. tajacu, Parabronema pecari (*),

P. electra (*), Anisakis typica, Anisakis sp.,

Stenurus globicephala, P. onca, Ancylostoma

caninum, Toxocara mystax, P. opossum,

Aspidodera subulata, Dipetalonema sp.,

Physaloptera sp., Trichuris sp., Viannaia hamata,

P. dioptrica (*), Anisakis simplex, P. catodon (*),

Anisakis physeteris, P. macrocephalus (*),

Anisakis sp., P. blainvillei (*), Anisakis typica, P.

flavus, Molineus sp., Necator americanus, P.

cancrivorus, Dirofilaria incrassata, Dirofilaria

sp., P. cayanensis, Heterakis sp., P. gymnocercus

(*), Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides sp.,

Trichuris sp., P. crassidens (*), Anisakis simplex, P.

brasiliensis, Dirofilaria sp., Molineus major,

Subulura interrogans, P. concolor, Ancylostoma

braziliense, A. pluridentatum, Capillaria sp.,

Mammomonogamus sp., Toxocara canis, T.

mystax, Toxascaris leonina, P. (Herpaylurus)

yagouaroundi (*), Ancylostoma braziliense, A.

caninum, S. bicolor, Crassicauda sp.,

Dipetalonema graciliformis, S. mystax,

Dipetalonema graciliformis, S. aestruans,

Heligmostrongylus sp., S. fluviatilis (*), Anisakis

typica, Halocercus brasiliensis, S. guianensis (*),

Anisakis physeteris, A. typica, Anisakis sp.,

Contracaecum sp. (*), Halocercus

(Posthalocercus) kleinenbergi (*), Halocercus sp.,

S. venaticus (*), Dioctophyma sp., S. clymene (*),

Anisakis typica, Anisakis sp., Halocercus

brasiliensis, Halocercus brasiliensis, Halocercus

sp., S. coeruleoalba (*), Anisakis typica, Anisakis

sp., S. frontalis (*), Anisakis sp., Halocercus sp., S.

longirostris (*), Anisakis typica, Anisakis sp.,

Halocercus brasiliensis, Stenella sp. (*),

Halocercus sp., S. bredanensis (*), Anisakis

typica, Anisakis sp., S. (S.) magna (*), Capillaria

sp., T. brasiliensis, Rictularia sp., T. tetradactyla,

Graphidiops assimilis, Trichomys pachyurus,

Heligmostrongylus almeidai, H. crucifer, Pudica

cercomysi, T. pecari, Parabronema pecari, T.

tricinctus, Aspidodera raillieti, A. vazi, T.

apereoides (*), Trichris thrichomysi (*), T.

pachyurus (*), Heligmostrongylus almeidai, H.

crucifer, Pudica cercomysi, T. truncatus (*),

Anisakis sp.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To Grzegorz Zalesny, Department of Invertebrate

Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology,

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life

Sciences, Kozuchowska Wroclaw, Poland, for the

supply of reprints and translation of Russian texts

into English, Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior,

Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild

and Reservoirs Mammals, Oswaldo Cruz Institute,

Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, David Gibson,

Zoology Department, Natural History Museum,

London, England, František Moravec, Institute of

Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of

Sciences, eské Budejovice, Czech Republic,

Geraldine Ramallo, Invertebrate Institute, Miguel

Lillo Foundation, San Miguel de Tucumán,

Argentina, Juliana Marigo, MAQUA-UERJ, Rio

de Janeiro, RJ, BioPesca Project, São Paulo, SP,

Brazil, Maria del Rosario Robles, Parasitological

and Vectors Study Center, (CEPAVE, CONICET),

National University of La Plata, Argentina, Marie-

Claude Durette-Desset, National Museum of

Natural History, Paris, France, Mirna C Oviedo,

176

Neotrop. Helminthol., 5(2), 2011

Abraham Willink Entomology Superior Institute,

Miguel Lillo Foundation, San Miguel de Tucumán,

National University of Tucumán, Argentina,

Walter Graeber, Library of the Information and

Documentation Nucleus, São Paulo Biological

Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, for the supply of

reprints and to Magda Sanches, Laboratory of

Helminth Parasites of Vertebrates, Oswaldo Cruz

Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for personal

assistance and to Conselho Nacional de

Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

(National Council for Scientific and Technological

Development), CNPq, Brazil, for the partial

financial support to one of the authors (RMP),

Proc. nr. 300071/2008-6.

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Correspondence to author/Autor para correspondencia:

Roberto Magalhães Pinto

Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados,

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

E-mail/correo electrónico:

rmpinto@ioc.fiocruz.br/rmpinto@globo.com

Received July 13, 2011.

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